<p>The Mount Pleasant Caldera is a large eroded Late Devonian volcanic caldera complex, located in the northern Appalachian Mountains of southwestern New Brunswick, Canada. It is one of few noticeable pre-Cenozoic calderas, and its formation is associated to a period of crustal thinning that followed the Acadian orogeny in the northern Appalachian Mountains.</p><br>
<p>It sits relatively near to the coastline.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The large elliptical feature is dated back to the late Devonian Period, and is partially covered in the north by overlying Middle Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Period strata.</p><br>
<p>Late Silurian to Devonian granitic rocks of the Saint George Batholith bound part of the southern margin of the caldera. Rocks within the summit itself date back to the Upper Devonian, and show multiple fill sequences late in its history.</p><br>
<p>The magma produced by Pleasant is rich in silica, as indicated by a large amounts of ignimbrite, tuff, rhyolite, and other igneous rocks rich in the mineral. Silica-rich magma does have a high viscosity, and therefore does not flow easily like basalt. As a result, gases tend to become trapped at high pressure within the magma. When the magma approaches the surface of the Earth the rapid off-loading of overlying material causes the trapped gases to decompress rapidly triggering explosive destruction of the magma and spreading volcanic ash over wide areas.</p><br>
<p>Intrusion-related gold veins have recently raised great interest among economic geologists. In southwestern New Brunswick, which is part of the Canadian Alleghenian orogeny, several gold deposits have been recorded in the past. The positive early results have created great interest for gold-finding efforts, and Mount Meager has proven to be an ideal candidate.</p><br>
<p>Granitic intrusions within the caldera complex include the McDougall Brook Microgranite and the somewhat younger Mount Pleasant Granite. Gold quartz breccias and veins cut the McDougall Brook Microgranite and its volcanic wall-rock, while molybdenum-bismuth-tungsten and later polymetallic mineralization are related to the multiphase Mount Pleasant Granite.</p><br>
<p>The numerous felsic sections are associated with episodes of fractional crystallization in a high-level, zoned magma chamber. Fractionation was continually interrupted by eruption of material from the roof zone such that seven phases of caldera growth have been recognized.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant lies along the southwestern margin of the caldera complex. Two mineralized zones, termed the Fire Tower Zone and the North Zone, occur within volcanic plugs about 1 km apart. The volcanic necks are defined by magmatic-hydrothermal breccias.</p><br>
<h3>Eruptive history</h3><br>
<p>The eruptive history of the Mount Pleasant Caldera can be divided into three stages of activity: the exocaldera sequence, the intracaldera sequence, and the late caldera-fill sequence. These can further be subdivided into strata based on their depth below the surrounding rock.</p><br>
<p>The Intercaldera Sequence comprises formations that crop out from overlying flows in triangularly shaped area, and includes thick volcanic ash (tuff), thick breccia layers, and intermediate to felsic igneous rocks that tend to intrude the above layers and are typically located along caldera margin faults. The Exocaldera Sequence contains ash flow tuffs, mafic lavas, alluvial redbeds, and porphyritic felsic lavas that are distributed across five different layers. The late Caldera-Fill Sequence contains rocks that are similar to those of the outflows of the other, older layers, and comprises two formations and two relatively minor intrusive lava flows. The volcanic flows are generally mafic. The stratigraphic subdivision is supported by geochemical and mineralogical analyses, which indicate that the basaltic rocks are mantle-derived and have, unusually, relatively intraplate (or hotspot) type chemical affinities. The multiple andesite flows were probably derived from basaltic magma by the crystallization of the magma material. The relatively rare, more felsic flow units, are thought to have originated from high-end crystallization inside the magma chamber. The various stages of fractionation are continually interrupted by eruptions, and have allowed scientists to recognize seven stages of caldera development. The genesis of the caldera is related to a period of lithospheric thinning that followed the Acadian Orogeny in the northern Appalachians.</p><br>
<p>The relative position of the Exocaldera and Intracaldera sequences is based on several observations:</p><br>
<p>The upper part of the Rothea formation (Exocaldera) contains about 1% biotite. The only intracaldera rocks with this much biotite is volcanic strata within sedimentary breccia of and a tuff unit near the Scoullar Mountain formation (Intracaldera).</p><br>
<p>Andesitic strata occurs only in two flow units: the South Oromocto Andesite of the Exocaldera sequence, and the Scoullar Mountain formation of the Intracaldera sequence.</p><br>
<p>The exocaldera Carrow formation contains clasts from the intracaldera Seelys formation.</p><br>
<p>The exocaldera Bailey Rock Rhyolite intrudes and overlies the Carrow formation, but is intruded by the intracaldera McDougall Brook Granite formation.</p><br>
<h4>Exocaldera sequence</h4><br>
<p>The exocaldera sequence consists of, in ascending stratigraphic order, the Hoyt Station Basalt, Rothea Formation, South Oromocto Andesite, Carrow Formation and Bailey Rock Rhyolite. The first and last flow units have the least extent, evidence of erosional activity after their formation but before the next deposited layer.</p><br>
<p>The first and oldest layer is the Hoyt Station basalt formation, which is composed of at least two flow units. There are two types of rock associated with the basalt, conglomerate ranging in particle size from small pebbles to cobbles, and lithic lapilli-tuff (well-worn, consolidated volcanic ash). It is only directly exposed at the surface in one area, as a tuff on an extended solidified multi-age lava flow that extends northeast from the northern section of the volcano, colored green in the diagram at right.</p><br>
<p>The next oldest layer is the Rothea formation. It can be divided into three major lava flow layers. The lower member consists mainly of unwelded (unjoined), but heavily compacted, pumiceous lapilli-tuff and crystal tuff strata. The middle member consists of rock ranging from nearly aphyric tuff at the base to crystal tuff near the top. The top section of the middle unit contains pyroxene. The top member consists of a fine-grained, typically reddish lava flow and another lithic tuff unit. It can be found exposed in a limited region, encompassing the flank of the Hoyt Station basalt, colored light yellow in the diagram at right; it also peeks out closer to the volcano twice.</p><br>
<p>The next layer, the South Oromocto Andesite formation, is composed of at least three flow units, with basalt flows being the most extensive. Only one exhibits a porphyritic texture. Calcite veins and hematite bands near the top of the layer indicate that this was a period of degassing in the flow. It forms a thin band around the Rothea formation.</p><br>
<p>The Carrow formation is a predominantly fine-grained redbed (consisting of typically red sedimentary rocks) unit that has a grade ranging from pebbles and cobble in conglomerate at the base to mudstone laced with calcrete at the top. The flow is littered with abundant flows from the Seelys (in the intercaldera sequence) and Rothea (earlier) formation towards the southeast, but in the north metasedimentary rocks, which are sedimentary rocks exhibiting metamorphosis, predominate. The lower part of the formation consists of unwelded and highly compacted lapilli tuff with abundant amounts of pumice fragments. A basalt and basalt-clad mudflow occurs near the top if the formation in some places. A dated locality from the top of the formation has been dated to the Late Devonian, around 350 million years ago. The exposed part of the formation forms a long band around the South Oromocto Andesite formation, and is colored brown on the map.</p><br>
<p>The last formation in the later, the Bailey Rock Rhyolite formation, is composed of porphyritic lava, and is characterized by an absence of angular crystals and pumice derivatives. In places its rhyolite composition intrudes older stratas. This layer is unique for it bridges the exocaldera and intracaldera sequences. A layer of saprolite (chemically weathered rock) separates the Bailey Rock Rhyolite formation from the overlying Caldera-Fill Sequence-era rocks. The exposed part of the flow overlies part of the Carrow formation, and is colored pink in the diagram above-right.</p><br>
<h4>Intracaldera sequence</h4><br>
<p>The Intercaldera Sequence is divided into, in ascending order, the Scoullar Mountain formation, Little Mount Pleasant formation, Seelys formation, and McDougall Brook Granite formation. In addition, there are felsic dykes and one mafic dyke that intrude the Scoullar Mountain and Little Mount Pleasant formations, respectively.</p><br>
<p>The first sequence in the order is the Scoullar Mountain formation. The layer is characterized by sedimentary breccia and interbedded andesitic lava. In addition felsic pyroclastic rocks are very common in places and one sandstone-conglomerate lava flow can be found. The sedimentary breccia is dominated by pebble to boulder size angular metasedimentary stratas, and a few crystal tuff layers that contain about 1% biotite, the only such high amount of a typically trace mineral outside of Rothea formation in the Extracaldera sequence. A pumice-ridden lapilli-tuff section near the believed top section additionally has a 1% composition of the mineral amphibole. The exposed portion of the flows loosely flank the slopes of the volcano on the left and right, and are represented by bright orange on the map.</p><br>
<p>The next layer is the Little Mount Pleasant formation, which is composed of crystal tuff and banded rhyolite. The tuff is characterized by, recrystallized pumice with microscopic crystals and amphibole. The crystal structure inside the pumice are larger than those outside, indicating that significant mechanical breakage during the eruption in which they were deposited. The exposed part of this layer is located around the southern base of the main caldera, and is colored ochre (light orange) on the diagram.</p><br>
<p>The Seelys formation, next in the order, consists of lithic tuff and pumice-littered lithic lapilli-tuffs, banded, pumiceous, crystal tuff, and densely welded crystal tuff. The basalt contains clasts of both the Scoullar Mountain andesite and Little Mount Pleasant formation. Quartz and feldspar increase in size and abundance yoward the top. Biotite is virtually absent, but zircon is very common. The formation is colored the lightest orange on the map, and swathes across the main body of the caldera.</p><br>
<p>The McDougall Brook Granite formation consists mostly of porphyritic granite, a borderline feldspar (sometimes quartz) porphyry, and minor amounts of fine-grained quartz monzonite. The grain size of the porphyry and the size and abundance of feldspar increases inward. Amphibole with apatite is the main mineral phase in all three of the flows. Parts of the feldspar porphyry are hydrothermally altered. The deposit is extensively exposed, and is colored red on the map.</p><br>
<h4>Late Caldera-fill sequence</h4><br>
<p>The Late Caldera-Fill sequence includes the Mount Pleasant Porphyry, the Big Scott Mountain formation, and the Kleef formation. The ages of the rocks are not well-established, but they are most likely Late Devonian and Mississippian. In addition the Intracaldera sequence is cut into multiple intrusions of varying origins. Many of the intrusions are thought to have formed without eruption, when mineral deposits "leaked."</p><br>
<p>The Mount Pleasant Porphyry formation occurs as dykes and small rock areas that have been associated with local breccia. The dyke structures seem to indicate multiple periods of intrusion. Two types of breccias have been identified, and older and more common felsic series, and a younger neutral phase. The porphyries making up the rocks were emplaced at the pre-existing volcanic margin.</p><br>
<p>The Big Scott Mountain formation consists of rhyolite of variable composition, lapilli-tuff, and crystal tuff. Most of the rhyolites are characterized by large amounts of pyroxene. One rhyolite unit appears to overlie the McDougall Brook Granite formation. The tuff is littered by clasts from the Seelys and McDougall Brook Granite formations. The tuff also appears to be layered. It is colored dark orange on the map, and the exposed part partially rings the north of the volcano.</p><br>
<p>The final formation, the Kleef formation, includes redbed, basalt and pumice-ridden tuff. Pebble to cobble sized conglomerate is also seen complimenting the volcanic rock, and parts seem to come from older formations. The basalt is characterized by large crystals (up to 2 cm). The tuff are characterized by their reddish-brown color and abundant fossil-pumice. The formation is very rare exposed and of interest to economic geologists, as it contains many of the possibly gold-bearing intrusive areas. It is colored light blue on the map.</p><br>
<h2>Mining</h2><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant has a long history of exploration and development in mining. Tin was first discovered on the mountain in 1937. The focus of exploration over the years has shifted from tin-base metals to porphyry tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth deposits, and then to porphyry tin deposits, and now indium, a rare element that is important to new technologies such as LCD screens and solar cells, computers and smart phones.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Pleasant mine is located 80 km south of Fredericton, the provincial capital. The mining company Adex Mining Inc. holds 102 prospective claims covering approximately 1,600 hectares (4,000 acres) and 405 hectares (1,000 acres) of surface rights at Mount Pleasant, dominating the local extraction rights. It is situate close to infrastructure and potential employees. With a population of 50,000, Fredericton is important to the mine, as is Saint John, with a population of 70,000, which lies about 80 km o the southeast. Mount Pleasant is also only 65 km from the Canada–United States border. When the mine was last producing - 1983 to 1985 - tungsten ore was regularly transported through Saint John by means of a provincial highway for shipment to Europe. The mine site is accessible via all-weather roads from Fredericton, Saint John and St. George. Electricity is provided by the New Brunswick transmission grid and water from a pump house located on the nearby Piskahegan River.</p><br>
<p>On September 25, 2005, the Society of Economic Geologists hosted a small field trip to the caldera and the nearby Mount Pleasant Mine and Clarence stream deposit. The trip was divided into three stages: the Mount Pleasant Caldera, the Mount Pleasant Mine, and the Clarence Stream deposits. The field crew described two trenches that seemed to outline the relationship between the volcanic rock and the possibly gold-rich intrusive areas.</p><br>
<p>On June 25, 2008, Geodex Minerals Ltd., a gold venture firm, announced the results of a 2007 - early 2008 diamond drilling program on the west side of Mount Pleasant. Along with the development of the Sisson Brook tungsten-molybdenum-copper project north of Fredericton, the area surrounding the former Mount Pleasant mine has been a major focus of the company. Research is ongoing, and focuses on the two most likely candidates: the McDougall Brook Granitic suite (MBG) and the Mount Pleasant Granitic suite (MPG).</p><br>
<p>In June 2011, the owners moved their corporate offices from Toronto to Fredericton with the intent of refocusing efforts onto getting the mine running again by 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Colonsay Plantation  was one of the very earliest tracts of land to be granted in the Ceded Lands, while the Province of Georgia still belonged to the Crown of England. It was named after the Scottish island Colonsay.</p><br>
<p>James Mendenhall, born November 26, 1718, in East Caln, Chester County, Pennsylvania, settled near what is now Jamestown, North Carolina, in 1762 and built a mill on the Deep River at a location that is now within City Lake Park. His original land is now under the water of High Point Lake in Guilford County. His mill was just 8 mi from the site of the Battle of Guilford Court House. British troops camped at his mill on March 14, 1781, the day before battle.</p><br>
<p>Due to the persecutions of Governor Tyrone, Mendenhall and his family were forced to move again. He bought 600 acre near Wrightsboro, Georgia on December 7, 1773, when a warrant of survey was granted to him by Governor James Wright. The land was located in the fork of Williams Creek and the Little River, in the extreme northeast corner of what was then Wilkes County. Mendenhall went to Wrightsboro with two of his sons, Phineas and Marmaduke.</p><br>
<p>He was unable to take possession of his grant on Williams Creek because he died shortly after his arrival. He died in the cabin 1782 in Wrightsboro that he had built there and was buried on his land. This land is now in Taliaferro County.</p><br>
<p>On July 27, 1784, Marmaduke inherited a tract of 600 acre from his father. It was almost square. Starting with the junction of Williams Creek with the Little River, the line followed the river northwardly for about a mile. Turning, it ran a mile straight westward, then a mile, with only a slight dog-leg, southward to join Williams Creek, whose course it followed for another mile until it reached its starting point at the fork of the two streams.</p><br>
<p>In 1789–1790, Marmaduke built a substantial house which apparently was designed as an inn, trading post and stage coach stop on the road from Washington to Wrightsboro. It had two stories and consisted of two large rooms 20 × 20 feet, one over the other. The inside chimney was flanked on one side by a cupboard and on the other by a narrow winding staircase. This staircase was peculiar in that at a height of eight feet it made a complete semicircle. Another circular staircase directly above this led into the loft. The roof sloped down directly over the staircase so that one had to crawl in order to enter the loft. The open beams were all hand-hewn, and all joints were mortised and tenoned and secured with wooden pegs. Both rooms were paneled with wide boards of virgin pine, dark brown and mellowed with the passing years. The house is still standing and occupied. It is owned by Ian Mcfie. Before Ian McFie, the home and 540 of the original 600 acre were owned by his father Girdwood Mcfie. Girdwood maintained the farm animals in exactly the same numbers as listed in the inventory of Marmaduke&#39;s estate in 1797.</p><br>
<p>The Moosup River is a river in the U.S. states of Rhode Island and Connecticut. It flows approximately 23.7 mi.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river rises from Clark Pond in Foster, Rhode Island. From there, it flows south through Foster and Coventry, then turns west and heads into Connecticut, flowing through Sterling and Plainfield to its mouth at the Quinebaug River.</p><br>
<h2>Dam Removal</h2><br>
<p>The American Rivers organization has targeted the Moosup River for dam removal to help fish to swim upstream to spawn.</p><br>
<p>In late June 2014 Moosup Dam #1 in Connecticut was removed and on September 29, 2015 the Griswold Rubber dam in Connecticut was removed.</p><br>
<h2>Crossings</h2><br>
<p>Below is a list all crossings over the Moosup River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>In addition to many unnamed tributaries, the following brooks feed the Moosup:</p><br>
<p>*West Meadow Brook</p><br>
<p>*Bucks Horn Brook</p><br>
<p>*Roaring Brook</p><br>
<p>*Vaughn Brook</p><br>
<p>*Quanduck Brook</p><br>
<p>*Angell Brook</p><br>
<p>Rockcliffe Mansion is located in Hannibal, Missouri  and was built in 1898 by John J. Cruikshank, Jr., a descendant of Scottish immigrants, whose fortune was founded on lumber. He erected the residence on Bird Street. It came to be acknowledged as the most imposing, beautiful and costly residential structure in that part of the state of Missouri. "By reason of its location on a high, rocky eminence, overlooking the entire city, it termed Rock Cliff, and is one of the many attractions of the city invariably viewed by strangers and tourists visiting Hannibal." It is located in the Maple Avenue Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Rockcliffe is a massive 13,500 ft&sup2; Colonial Revival/Georgian Style residence, "with large columns and porches almost circling the building," built of double-brick wall construction, and designed by the St. Louis firm of Barnett, Haynes & Barnett, the firm which also planned "the Governor&#39;s Mansion in Jefferson City, the St. Louis Cathedral, and other fine buildings."</p><br>
<p>"The staid exterior featuring a monumental double-height portico with Corinthian columns gives no hint of the richness within - an interior embellished with exotic woods, South African pink marble, and Tiffany glass. The owners business connection in lumber and construction presumably helped control building costs, which are nevertheless reported to have been $125,000. A St. Louis newspaper cited it as the finest residence in the state soon after moved into the house in 1900. When the family moved out in 1924 after Cruikshanks death, no one else ever moved in; the house sat empty for 43 years, except for a caretaker family who lived there for a number of years.</p><br>
<p>Arranged around the central hall are grand public rooms meant for entertaining. To one side is the Reception Room, with gilded wallpaper, quarter-sawn oak paneling, and Tiffany fixtures, furnished with a lemonwood sideboard and olivewood reception table commissioned in Florence. The pink and green Music Room is anchored at each end by a grand piano; the Green Room reflects the sensibilities of Mrs. Cruikshank in its gold leaf and garlands, lace and velvet drapes, and white onyx fireplace. Friend and writer Mark Twain addressed 300 guests and Hannibal citizens from the double staircase the second floor during his visit in 1902. The Moorish Room provides the de rigueur eclecticism embraced by the period."</p><br>
<p>The house has 125 windows and 10 fireplaces. Cruikshank prided himself on the structural and decorative use of wood on the property, and employed mahogany, oak, and walnut throughout the house. Greek Revival and Art Nouveau decorative motifs recur in various rooms. "Most of the rooms had individual thermostatic heat control from a central coal burning steam heating plant. The building originally had electric lighting, but auxiliary gas lights were installed. Rock walls were constructed as part of the landscaping of the property."</p><br>
<h2>Ownership change</h2><br>
<p>"Rockcliffe was purchased by private individuals in 1967 who preempted its being razed. During the house&#39;s four-decade vacancy it had settled less than half of an inch. After the restoration, a Cruikshank daughter returned some of the original furnishings, linens, and lace, to the property which she had carefully stored for decades.</p><br>
<p>Rockcliffe is in the National Register of Historic Places and is open to the public for tours and special events." Rockcliffe still boasts its original furniture, wall coverings, lighting fixtures, bathroom fixtures, books, clothing and personal artifacts of the Cruikshank family. Ongoing restoration is aimed at maintaining the mansion in its original turn-of-the-century state.</p><br>
<p>The mansion is open for guided tours daily. Bed and Breakfast accommodations are also available.</p><br>
<p>Tafjordfjella or Tafjordfjellene  is a mountain range in Møre og Romsdal and Oppland counties, Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Norddal, Stranda, Rauma, and Skjåk. The area takes its name from the village of Tafjord and the Tafjorden, the main entry point. The highest peaks are Puttegga at 1,999 m, Karitinden at 1,982 m, Tordsnose at 1,975 m, and Høgstolen at 1,953 m.</p><br>
<p>Lakes in the area include Tordsvatnet, Veltdalsvatnet, Zakariasdammen, and Grønvatnet. Part of the range is included inside Reinheimen National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Norwegian Trekking Association has the cabins called Reindalsseter, Pyttbua, Veltdalshytta, Vakkerstøylen, and Danskehytta. The western part of the area has since 1923 been extensively developed for hydro-electric power production by the Tafjord Kraft company.</p><br>
<p>Tafjorden is an inner branch of the Norddalsfjorden/Storfjorden in Norddal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The fjord is located southeast of the village of Sylte, the municipal center of Norddal Municipality. The small village of Tafjord is located at the end of the 12 km long Tafjorden. The only road leading to the rather isolated village of Tafjord goes through the 5,277 m long Heggur Tunnel plus several other smaller tunnels on the northern shore of the fjord.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Olaf II of Norway fled up the Storfjorden to escape the forces of Canute the Great, he and his men journeyed up the fjord until he passed through the Norddalsfjorden and reached the Tafjorden. From there they passed north up the Valldalen valley and across the mountains to Lesja on his way to exile in Russia.</p><br>
<p>On 7 April 1934, a landslide of about 2,000,000 m&sup3; of rock fell off the mountain Langhamaren from a height of about 700 m. The rock landed in the Tafjorden which created a local tsunami which killed 40 people living on the shore of the fjord. The waves reached a height of 62 m near the landslide, about 7 m at Sylte, and about 16 m at Tafjord. It was one of the worst natural disasters in Norway in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Ogden Reservoir is a reservoir in the Piethorne Valley, close to Milnrow and Newhey in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, within Greater Manchester, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir was commissioned in 1878 collecting water from Piethorne Brook and Wickenhall Brook, to provide drinking water for Oldham.</p><br>
<p>This water is an excellent and well regarded fishing water. The fishing for roach perch bream carp and pike is outstanding and it is a joy to fish in such a peaceful location situated in the beautiful Pennine Hills. Fish caught in the 2007 and 2008 seasons include Bream to 13 lb, Carp to 28 lb and Pike to 25 lb. Day tickets are available.</p><br>
<p>In the year 2005, the body of a man was discovered floating on a nearby overflow.</p><br>
<p>The Uhaitxa or Gave de Sainte-Engrâce, is a torrential river of the French Basque Country , in the Southwest of France. It is the right tributary of the Saison.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Uhaïtxa rises in the northeast of Sainte-Engrâce, in a valley dug by a glacier of the Quaternary. Quickly reinforced by several torrents, it flows through the village, then through a narrow valley, in a karstic landscape notched by many cañons as the Kakueta Canyon, accessible from the road.</p><br>
<p>After joining the Gave de Larrau, coming from the Pic d&#39;Orhy, it forms the Saison in Licq-Athérey.</p><br>
<h2>Main tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Arpideko erreka from Antzu Naba, Ehüjarreko erreka from Erraitzeko Lephua, Khakuetako erreka from Ihizkunditze, Urdaibiko erreka from the Sarimendi, Mürrübeltzeko erreka, Gahardoiko erreka…</p><br>
<p>The Clay County Savings Association in Liberty, Missouri, was robbed on February 13, 1866, making it one of the earliest documented daylight bank robberies. The robbers escaped with at least $60,000 and killed a bystander outside. The robbery is believed to have been conducted by a group of former Confederate guerrillas, possibly led by Jesse James or Archie Clement, which became known as the James–Younger Gang.</p><br>
<p>According to accounts of the day:</p><br>
<p>On the afternoon of February 13, 1866, "some ten or twelve persons rode into town" and milled outside the Clay County Savings Association building.</p><br>
<p>Two of the riders entered the bank, which was staffed only by the head cashier, Greenup Bird, and his son, William Bird, who was a bank clerk.</p><br>
<p>After asking to change a $10 bill, the men drew revolvers and demanded money.</p><br>
<p>William loaded the robbers&#39; feed sack with gold, currency, bonds, and tax stamps.</p><br>
<p>The two Birds were herded into the bank&#39;s vault, and the robbers left the building.</p><br>
<p>As the robbers mounted to ride away, shots were fired. Accounts differ: problems with mounting a horse caused a "commotion" during which someone opened fire, or perhaps one of the gang fired "without any sort of provocation whatever". George "Jolly" Wymore, a 19-year-old student from William Jewell College who was across the street, was killed by a bullet.</p><br>
<p>The gang rode away, pursued after a time by a posse of "outraged"ref name=History/&gt; townspeople who "could procure arms and horses".</p><br>
<p>The entire maneuver lasted no more than 15 minutes.</p><br>
<p>In total, the robbers collected at least $60,000. Reportedly they collected government bonds worth $42,000 to $45,000, $518 in tax stamps, gold, silver coins, and banknotes.</p><br>
<p>The bank offered a $5,000 reward for recovery of the money. Attempts to track the robbers were hindered by snow that covered their tracks. Articles in local newspapers implicated both former Confederate bushwackers and Kansas Redlegs of the crime. Later, some townspeople admitted to recognizing some of the robbers but withholding the information out of fear. The robbers were never caught, and no money was ever recovered. The Association eventually settled with creditors for 60 cents on the dollar and closed.</p><br>
<p>The building is located at 104 East Franklin Street, a block northeast of the Clay County Courthouse. It was built in 1859, and is a two-story, Federal style rectangular brick building with a gable roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Hyrax Hill is a prehistoric site near Nakuru in the Rift Valley province of Kenya. It is a rocky spur roughly half a kilometer in length, with an elevation of 1,900 meters above sea level at its summit. The site was first discovered in 1926 by Louis Leakey during excavations at the nearby Nakuru Burial Site, and Mary Leakey conducted the first major excavations between 1937 and 1938. There are two distinct areas of occupation at Hyrax Hill: one which was occupied during the Neolithic and late Iron Age, and one which was occupied by the Sirikwa earlier in the Iron Age.</p><br>
<p>Hyrax Hill is named after the hyrax, a small mammal that lives in rocky areas. Hyraxes were once common in the rocky crevasses of Hyrax Hill, but their numbers have dropped in recent years due to the rapid urbanization of the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>Hyrax Hill is the location of Hyrax Hill Prehistoric Site and Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History of excavation</h2><br>
<p>Louis Leakey discovered the remains of prehistoric settlements at Hyrax Hill while excavating the nearby Nakuru Burial in 1926. He did not excavate it at the time because he believed it to be a recent occupation, and was busy working at several other sites. Louis Leakey returned to the area in 1937 with his wife, Mary Leakey. It was Mary Leakey who began major excavations at Hyrax Hill. She excavated and named both Site I and Site II between 1937 and 1938. With no carbon dating technology available, dating the sites was difficult at the time. Leakey mistakenly described the Iron Age "Sirikwa Holes" as a pre-Iron Age village with "pit-dwellings." Excavations at the site were not undertaken again until after Hyrax Hill was obtained by the National Museums of Kenya in 1965, at which time one of the Sirikwa holes was fully excavated by Ron Clark and museum staff for display at the museum.</p><br>
<h2>Location and environment</h2><br>
<p>Hyrax Hill is located near Lake Nakuru. 5000 to 6000 years ago, during the occupation of Site I, a wetter climate meant that lake levels were as much as 100 meters higher than their present levels. Hyrax Hill was a peninsula at this time, which jutted out into the north side of the lake. The occupants would have had access to a steady supply of fresh water, as well as fish. Mary Leakey identified the ancient rocky beach of the lake in her 1938 excavations. The early occupation of Site I lies directly on the ancient beach, and she was able to use this and relative dating to date this portion of the site.</p><br>
<p>Lake levels began to drop starting 3500 years ago, and the area became a more open savanna grassland. The drier environment was well suited to the pastoralism used by the later Sirikwan inhabitants of Site II.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<h3>Site I</h3><br>
<p>"Site I" is the area of Hyrax Hill that was occupied during the Neolithic and late Iron Age. Although the early occupation of the site 5000 years ago is frequently referred to as the "Neolithic" (a trend started by Louis and Mary Leakey during the first excavations in the area), evidence has yet to be found for the cultivation of crops or raising of animals at the early occupation of Site I at Hyrax Hill. The Iron Age portion of the site dates to around 200 years ago, and consists of several stone enclosures and a large midden. Directly under this layer was an earlier Neolithic cemetery. The Neolithic cemetery consisted of several low burial mounds formed out of large blocks of stone. Many of the individuals buried at the site were dismembered.</p><br>
<p>The occupants of this period of the site manufactured distinctive ground stone bowls, and many were found associated with female burials in the Neolithic cemetery at Hyrax Hill and other sites in the area. The bowls from Hyrax Hill are round or oblong, particularly shallow, and made from an easily accessed local variety of stone. Because these bowls were so distinctive at many sites in the Rift Valley, archaeologists created the term "Stone Bowl Culture" to encompass the Neolithic culture they were believed to represent. The term "Stone Bowl Culture" is not widely used today, having been supplanted by "Savanna Pastoral Neolithic", a culture which Christopher Ehret indicates was likely produced by early Cushitic settlers. In Kenya, the broader term "Pastoral Neolithic" refers to sites archaeological containing a Later Stone Age lithic industry, predominant livestock husbandry, and ceramic vessels.</p><br>
<p>The ceramic type known as "Nderit ware" is found at Site I. These are rounded vessels with a highly textured surface of wedge-shaped impressions, which are commonly found at Neolithic sites in eastern Africa. They resemble baskets.</p><br>
<h3>Site II</h3><br>
<p>"Site II" lies on the north-western side of Hyrax hill, opposite from Site I. It was occupied earlier in the Iron Age than Site I. Radiocarbon dates have found that Site II was occupied between the twelfth and fifth centuries AD. Site II was occupied by the Sirikwa, a later group of cattle pastoralists. The main feature of this site is a series of thirteen sandy bowl-shaped depressions and mounds. These depressions, called Sirikwa Holes, were deliberately constructed as pens for securing cattle, and the low mounds that are adjacent to these hollows were created from heaping dung and refuse outside the pen. The remains of cattle, goats, and sheep have been found at Site II, many of which show cut-marks and signs of human use. John Sutton&#39;s excavations in 1985 found the mandible of an equine species, possibly a donkey. Excavations in 1990 identified the cattle as likely belonging to the Zebu species. Further analysis showed that female cows were only slaughtered until after lactating age, indicating an emphasis on milk production. This excavation also found the remains of a domesticated dog, the first ever found at a Sirikwa site. Scavenging domesticated dogs possibly account for the carnivore gnaw-marks that have been found on bones at the site.</p><br>
<p>Site II was mistakenly identified as a late Neolithic site when it was first excavated, and Mary Leakey assigned it to the Neolithic "Gumban B" culture which Louis Leakey had identified from earlier excavations in the area. Few Iron-Age sites had been excavated in the area, and there was no reliable way for Mary Leakey to date the site. Few iron artifacts have ever been found at Site II, which further confused the actual date. Scattered obsidian flakes similar to those used by earlier cultures were also found at the site. It is unknown whether these were made by the inhabitants of Site II, or the earlier inhabitants of Site I.</p><br>
<p>The pottery found at Site II is "Lanet ware" dated to the Iron Age. It consists of tall beakers with simple rims, rounded bottoms, and decoration made from cord impressions. These occasionally have small spouts and rounded handles. The pottery has a distinctive "sand paper" finish, and some vessels have been found with red slips.</p><br>
<h3>Other archaeological areas</h3><br>
<p>Archaeological remains have been found on the hill outside of Sites I and II. At the top of the hill is a cleared area, possibly created by the later inhabitants of Site I or the inhabitants of Site II. Mary Leakey described it as possibly being a stone circle or fort.</p><br>
<p>Two bao boards are carved into rock outcroppings at the north side of the hill. One is only partially preserved, but both appear to be a two-row version of the game rather than a four-row version. They are thought to be associated with the Site II Sirikwa habitation.</p><br>
<h2>Gumban nomenclature</h2><br>
<p>While investigating archaeological sites in Kenya, Louis Leakey identified early sites belonging to the Neolithic period. He named these "Gumban" sites, after small forest-dwellers in kikuyu mythology that were said to have lived in the area before the Kikuyu. He further broke the category down into the "Gumban A" and "Gumban B" variations. Leakey did not intend to imply that the Gumba were the creators of the Neolithic sites, but intended the term to broadly refer to a culture that predated the modern inhabitants of the area. Leakey used this term while excavating the nearby Nakuru burial site, and Mary Leakey continued the usage when excavating Hyrax Hill. The name has since fallen out of use, due to its misleading nature. "Gumban B" was originally identified as a Neolithic culture, but it was often mistakenly used to refer to sites that are now correctly dated to the Iron-Age. There was no reliable way to date the sites at the time, and Louis Leakey accidentally included Iron-Age pottery sherds among the "Gumban B" artifacts of the pre-Iron-Age Nakuru Burial site. Thus, Iron-Age sites like Site II of Hyrax hill became associated with Neolithic "Gumban B" sites until a clearer chronology of the area was developed.</p><br>
<p>The pottery types found at Hyrax Hill was originally were originally named "Gumban A" and "Gumban B" by Louis and Mary Leakey when they were first discovered at Hyrax Hill and the Nakuru Burial Site. These terms fell out of use along with the term "Gumban". The ceramic type formerly known as "Gumban A" is now known as "Nderit ware" and the type formerly known as "Gumban B" is now known as "Lanet ware." Both these names refer to the locations that the ceramic types were first identified.</p><br>
<p>The four Richmond Shipyards, located in the city of Richmond, California, United States, were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards. During World War II, Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard, turning out as many as three ships in a single day. The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park, whose Rosie the Riveter memorial sits on the former grounds of Shipyard #2. Shipyard #3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry J. Kaiser had been building cargo ships for the USA Maritime Commission in the late 1930s. When he received orders for ships from the British government, already at war with Nazi Germany, Kaiser established his first Richmond shipyard in December 1940.</p><br>
<p>The four Richmond Kaiser Shipyards built 747 ships during World War II, a rate never equaled. Compared to the average ship built elsewhere, Richmond ships were completed in two-thirds the time and at a quarter of the cost. The Liberty ship SS Robert E. Peary was assembled in less than five days as a part of a competition among shipyards. By 1944, the yard routinely needed only a bit more than two weeks to assemble a Liberty ship. By the end of the war the Richmond Shipyards had built $1.8 billion worth of ships.</p><br>
<p>Kaiser and his workers applied mass assembly line techniques to building the ships. This production line technique, bringing pre-made parts together, moving them into place with huge cranes and having them welded together by "Rosies" (actually "Wendy the Welders" here in the shipyards), allowed unskilled laborers to do repetitive jobs requiring relatively little training to accomplish. This sped up construction, allowed more workers to be mobilized, and opened jobs to women and minorities.</p><br>
<p>During the war, thousands of men and women worked in this area in hazardous jobs. Actively recruited by Kaiser, they came from all over the United States to swell the population of Richmond from 20,000 to over 100,000 in three years. For many of them, this was the first time they worked, earned money, and faced the problems of working parents: finding day care and housing.</p><br>
<p>Women and minorities entered the workforce in areas previously denied to them. However, they still faced unequal pay, were shunted off into "auxiliary" unions and still had to deal with prejudice and inequities. During the war, labor strikes and sit-down work stoppages eventually led to better conditions.</p><br>
<p>Many workers commuted from other parts of the Bay Area to the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond on the Shipyard Railway, a temporary wartime railway whose trains used cars of the local Key System and whose line extended from a depot in Emeryville to a loop serving all four shipyards.</p><br>
<p>The SS Red Oak Victory is docked nearby.</p><br>
<p>Lake Manzala , also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Manzala is long but quite shallow. Though Lake Manzala&#39;s unaltered depth is only four to five feet, alterations to the depth were made during the construction of the Suez Canal to allow the Canal to extend 29 miles lengthwise along the lake. Its bed is soft clay. Before construction of the Suez Canal, Lake Manzala was separated from the Mediterranean Sea by a strip of sand 200 to 300 yards wide.</p><br>
<p>Port Said was established adjacent to Lake Manzala during the nineteenth century to support canal construction and related travel. The lakes location directly south of the Port Said Airport restricts the citys capacity for growth.</p><br>
<h2>Suez Canal</h2><br>
<p>Lake Manzala is the northernmost of three natural lakes intersected by the Suez Canal, the other two being Lake Timsah and the Great Bitter Lake. Construction of the canal proceeded from north to south, reaching Manzala first. Due to the lake&#39;s shallowness, it was necessary to dig a banked channel for ships to pass.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Manzala served as a significant source of inexpensive fish for human consumption in Egypt, but pollution and lake drainage have reduced the lake&#39;s productivity. In 1985, the lakes fishery was an open area of 89,000 ha and employed roughly 17,000 workers. The government of Egypt drained substantial portions of the lake in an effort to convert its rich Nile deposits to farmland. The project was unprofitable: crops did not grow well in the salty soil and the value of resulting produce was less than the market value of the fish that the reclaimed land had formerly yielded. By 2001, Lake Manzala had lost approximately 80 percent of its former area through the effects of drainage efforts.</p><br>
<p>Venado Peak is one of the major peaks of the Taos Mountains group of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. It is located in Taos County, New Mexico, about 8 mi northeast of the town of Questa. Its summit is the highest point in the Latir Peak Wilderness, part of Carson National Forest.</p><br>
<p>The high point of the group of peaks north of the Red River and southwest of Costilla Creek, Venado Peak ranks tenth by elevation and sixth by topographic prominence in the state.</p><br>
<p>Other peaks in the group include Latir Peak, 12,708 ft, Virsylvia Peak, 12,594 ft, Cabresto Peak, 12,448 ft, Baldy Mountain, 12,048 ft and Pinabete Peak, 11,948 ft.</p><br>
<p>Just south of the group is Cabresto Creek, and also Cabresto Lake, a popular fishing destination with an established Forest Service campground. The Latir Lakes, and the entire northeast side of the group, are owned by the Rio Costilla Cattle Association, which allows recreational access for a fee. On the southeast side of the group lies Heart Lake. The peaks themselves can be accessed from either Cabresto Lake (via the Lake Fork, Bull Creek, and Heart Lake Trails) or Latir Lakes.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, the Taos Mountains have a Precambrian metamorphic core, about 1.7 billion years old. However, the region around Venado Peak also includes Tertiary volcanic rocks such as tuff, as well as the remnants of "a complex and mineral-rich caldera that formed about 25 million years ago." Most of the summit areas are broad, and covered with alpine tundra; the tree line lies between 11,000 ft and 12,000 ft. A notable feature of the group is the large, gently sloped Latir Mesa, lying south of Latir Peak at elevations between 12,200 ft and 12,600 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton County Memorial Building, more commonly called Memorial Hall OTR, is located at Elm & Grant Streets, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The building is next to Cincinnati&#39;s Music Hall and across from Washington Park in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood. It was built by the Grand Army of the Republic and Hamilton County in 1908, as a memorial to the military of the city and county. The building was built in the Beaux-Arts style. The building, including the Annie W and Elizabeth M Anderson Theater, is used for 300+ events per year.</p><br>
<p>Constructed according to a design by Samuel Hannaford and Sons, the Memorial Building was intended to commemorate members of all branches of the USA armed services, as well as the pioneers who had established the United States. The hall contains a 556-seat theater that was designed for speaking, but is also used as a venue for concerts, film screenings and theatrical events. The theater&#39;s small size produces a sense of intimacy among the audience, and its acoustics are exceptional: words spoken on stage in a normal voice can easily be understood even at the back of the balcony.</p><br>
<p>In late 1978, the Memorial Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying for inclusion both because of its architecture and because of its place in the area&#39;s history. Its location on Washington Park places it in the historic district that embraces most of Over-the-Rhine, which was added to the Register five years after the Memorial Building was individually added.</p><br>
<p>An $11 million renovation to the building was completed in December 2016 and allowed for the preservation of its historic character. Additionally, extensive improvements have been made to increase audience and performer comfort, modernize amenities, and enhance performances. The renovations include new, larger restroom facilities, a new HVAC system to accommodate year-round events, new and more comfortable seating, the addition of a contemporary catering kitchen and backstage crossover space for performers. Lastly, the acquisition of new equipment, audio/visual components, and technology to ensure the best possible event experience.</p><br>
<p>Blakeley is a ghost town in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. During the height of its existence, Blakeley was a thriving town which flourished as a competitor to its western neighbor, Mobile. Blakeley was the county seat for Baldwin County from 1810 until 1868, when the county government was moved south to Daphne.</p><br>
<p>It was the location of a major fort during the Civil War. One of the last battles of the Civil War was fought here in April 1865, as Union soldiers overran Confederates. The town is now in an Alabama historic state park known as Historic Blakeley State Park, north of Spanish Fort.</p><br>
<p>Before the town was established and populated by European settlers, Native Americans had lived in the area. A burial mound was found near the site of the town and was excavated. Four skulls, various bones and copper ornaments were found.</p><br>
<p>In 1813, Blakeley was founded by Josiah Blakeley, "an entrepreneur and adventurer from Connecticut" who moved to Mobile in 1806.</p><br>
<p>He purchased of land in the northeastern portion of Mobile Bay. In 1813 he hired a surveyor to lay out the town of Blakeley and sold the first 10 lots. On January 6, 1814, the Mississippi Territorial Legislature authorized Josiah Blakeley to lay out a town to be known as Blakeley. It received official incorporation from the State of Alabama in 1820.</p><br>
<p>After the War of 1812, Jacob Bell and David Brown became successful shipbuilders in Blakeley. They left for New York City in 1820 to found Brown & Bell, a shipyard famous for its clipper ships and steamships.</p><br>
<p>Blakeley had a "deep natural port, which was reachable by ships that could not cross the Dog River bar, a sandbar that sometimes impeded shipping access to Mobile." For some years, Blakeley competed with Mobile to be the top port in what was then the Alabama Territory.</p><br>
<p>A post office operated under the name "Blakeley" from 1826 to 1866.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the ghost town was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Capital City Club is a private social club located in Atlanta, Georgia. Chartered on May 21, 1883, it is one of the oldest private clubs in the South.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to its charter, the purpose of the club is "to promote the pleasure, kind feeling and general culture of its members." Harry C. Stockdell was the club&#39;s first president. He was succeeded in 1884 by Robert J. Lowry; and in 1885 Livingston Mims began the longest term as president, serving, with a two-year interruption, from 1886 through 1906. Subsequent presidents have all served two years or less.</p><br>
<p>The first club house was located at 43 Walton Street. In August 1884, the club moved to a new establishment at 114 Peachtree Street. The Capital City Country Club, located in Brookhaven, was leased in 1913 and purchased in 1915. At that time the golf course was increased from nine to eighteen holes. The present country club building was erected in 1928. In the autumn of 2002 an additional club facility, the Crabapple Golf Club, was completed on 600 acre in the northern portion of Fulton County, Georgia.</p><br>
<p>Notable individuals, including several presidents of the United States and royalty from other nations, have been guests at the Capital City Club.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The downtown Atlanta Capital City Club was designed by Beaux-Arts-trained architect Donn Barber in "the dignified and rather severe mode that characterizes prestigious New York City clubs such as the Colony Club (McKim, Mead & White, 1906)." Georgian Revival in its textures and motifs, the building was originally four-stories with a fifth floor being added above the dentiled cornice later in its history.</p><br>
<p>Their Capital City Country Club (1928) designed by Burge and Stevens, survives in Historic Brookhaven and "presents a picturesque, rambling, manorial image." "Tall chimneys, the cylindrical stair tower with conical roof", and " obliquely projecting gabled wings" create an "irregular silhouette of French provincial forms".</p><br>
<h2>Notable members</h2><br>
<p>Notable members of Capital City Club include:</p><br>
<p>Asa Griggs Candler, Founder of The Coca-Cola Company</p><br>
<p>Robert W. Woodruff, President of The Coca-Cola Company from 1923 until 1954</p><br>
<p>Edwin P. Ansley, Atlanta real estate developer in the early 20th century</p><br>
<p>Charles Collier, president of the Cotton States and International Exposition (1895)</p><br>
<p>Joel Hurt, founder of the Trust Company of Georgia</p><br>
<p>Joseph E. Brown, Civil War Governor of Georgia</p><br>
<p>Alexander C. King and Jack Spalding, co-founders of American law firm King & Spalding</p><br>
<p>John C. Portman, Jr., American architect and real estate developer</p><br>
<p>William B. Hartsfield, mayor of Atlanta</p><br>
<p>Alfred W. Jones, developer of Sea Island, Georgia</p><br>
<p>Robert A. Toombs, Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America</p><br>
<p>Henry W. Grady, New South advocate and editor of the Atlanta Constitution</p><br>
<p>Robert Tyre "Bobby" Jones Jr., only winner of the Grand Slam of golf, founder of Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament</p><br>
<p>Oliver Clyde Fuller, Fuller and Son, Wholesale Grocers during reconstruction Atlanta, GA. Later banker and president of First Wisconsin National Bank, which eventually became USA Bancorp.</p><br>
<p>Conway Summit ) is a mountain pass in Mono County, California. It is traversed by USA Highway 395, which connects Bridgeport and the East Walker River on the north side of the pass to Mono Lake and Lee Vining to the south.</p><br>
<p>Eastern Mojave Vegetation (and a few other things), Tom Sweich. It marks the highest point on USA 395, which also traverses high passes at Deadman Summit and Devil&#39;s Gate Pass.</p><br>
<p>Conway Summit is named after John Andrew Conway, a settler in the area in 1880. Geographically, it was formed from an upland plateau by the sinking of the land in the Mono basin area. The Sawtooth Ridge of the eastern Sierra Nevada, topped by 12,279 ft Matterhorn Peak, rise to the west of the pass; Green Creek and Virginia Lakes, in the Sierra Nevada to the west of the pass, are two local destinations for fishing, camping and aspen trees. The Bodie Hills and the infamous Bodie ghost town lie to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Conway Summit Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), managed by the BLM, "offers some of the most accessible and spectacular fall color viewing areas anywhere in California." The backdrop is formed by 12,000 foot peaks of the Ansel Adams Wilderness and Yosemite National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Reginald A. Daly House is a historic house located at 23 Hawthorn Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is a National Historic Landmark, notable for its association with Reginald Aldworth Daly , an eminent geologist, Penrose Medal winner, and Harvard University professor.</p><br>
<p>The house is a two story wood frame structure, estimated to have been built in the 1880s or 1890s. The house is styled in a Queen Anne/Shingle style, but is not particularly architecturally distinguished. Its interior had (as of its designation in 1976) not been significantly altered since Dalys death. Reginald Daly was born in Ontario, and was educated at Victoria College (now the University of Toronto). He then engaged in graduate studies at Harvard, earning an MA. and PhD in geology. In 1908 Daly began teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 1912 he joined the faculty of Harvard, where he remained for the rest of his life. He purchased this house in 1910. Dalys contributions to the field of geology were wide-ranging: he was one of the first to synthesize a consistent theory of igneous rocks, based on an extensive analysis of a large body of physical evidence. He was also instrumental in bringing physics and chemistry into the study of geology. He was widely recognized by his peers, and received numerous honors, including the first honorary degree granted by his alma mater, Victoria College.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Memorial Hall, immediately north of Harvard Yard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is an imposing High Victorian Gothic building honoring the sacrifices made by Harvard men in defense of the Union during the American Civil War"a symbol of Boston&#39;s commitment to the Unionist cause and the abolitionist movement in America."</p><br>
<p>Built on a former playing field known as the Delta, it was described by Henry James as consisting of</p><br>
<p>James&#39; "three divisions" are known today as (respectively) Sanders Theatre; Annenberg Hall (formerly Alumni Hall or the Great Hall); and Memorial Transept.</p><br>
<p>Beneath Annenberg Hall, Loker Commons offers a number of student facilities.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<h2>Conception and construction</h2><br>
<p>This happy commemorative creation of the Union... the great bristling brick Valhalla of the early "seventies," that house of honor and of hospitality which laurels to the dead and dinners to the living.</p><br>
<p>... a huge Victorian Gothic barn...</p><br>
<p>Between 1865 and 1868 an alumni "Committee of Fifty" raised $370,000 (equal to one-twelfth of Harvard&#39;s entire endowment at the time) toward a new building in memory of Harvard men who had fought for the Union in the American Civil War, particularly the 136 deada "Hall of Alumni in which students and graduates might be inspired by the pictured and sculpted presence of her founders, benefactors, faculty, presidents, and most distinguished sons."</p><br>
<p>When, about the same time, a $40,000 bequest was received from Charles Sanders (class of 1802) for</p><br>
<p>"a hall or theatre to be used on public occasion connected with the College, whether literary or festive", a vision was formed of a single building containing a large theater as well as a large open hall, and thus meeting both goals.</p><br>
<p>A site was found on the "Delta", the triangle bounded by Cambridge, Kirkland, and Quincy Streets.</p><br>
<p>To take over the Delta&#39;s prior role, Jarvis Field was purchasedabout five acres, or 2ha, bounded by Massachusetts Avenue, Oxford Street, Everett Street, and now-defunct Jarvis Street (and now occupied mainly by housing for graduate students).</p><br>
<p>In 1874, Harvard played McGill there in the first rugby-style football game played in the United States.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s Kirkland Street was truncated in conjunction with construction of the Science Center, so that the Delta no longer exists as an isolated city block.</p><br>
<p>The project was formally named Memorial Hall in September 1870, and</p><br>
<p>on October 6 the cornerstone was laid, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. composing a hymn for the occasion.</p><br>
<p>In May 1878 the Committee of Fifty notified the President and Fellows that the project was complete and the premises ready for formal transfer to the university. On July8 the President and Fellows unanimously voted to "accept with profound gratitude this splendid and precious gift."</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and facilities</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s High Victorian Gothic design, by alumni William Robert Ware and Henry Van Brunt, was selected in a blind competition. A 1907 publication gives dimensions of 305 by 113 feet, with a height of 190 feet at the tower</p><br>
<p>a 2012 source gave a height of 195 feet, making it the ninth-tallest building in Cambridge at that time.</p><br>
<p>Its 1970 National Historic Landmark designation recognized it one of the nation&#39;s most dramatic examples of High Victorian Gothic architecture.</p><br>
<p>A general restoration was carried out between 1987 and 1996.</p><br>
<h3>Annenberg Hall</h3><br>
<p>What was originally known as Alumni Hallnine thousand square feet shaped by massive wooden trusses, walnut paneling, and a blue, stenciled ceilingwas dedicated in 1874.</p><br>
<p>Originally intended for formal occasions such as alumni dinners, it was almost immediately converted to a dining commons, and was for fifty years the colleges main dining hall (charging, in 1884, $3.97 for a months meals).</p><br>
<p>, Harvard Crimson, November 15, 1884.</p><br>
<p>In 1893 the Harvard Graduates Magazine described</p><br>
<p>"the throngs of men who, at one o&#39;clock, are to be seen racing across the yard from Harvard, Boylston, and Sever, striving to reach Hall ahead of slower competitors for vacant seats at the overtaxed tables".</p><br>
<p>But "as the center of University life moved south toward the Charles, became less popular and closed in 1925"</p><br>
<p>(see Harvard College § House system) after which Alumni Hall saw mostly light use, typically as a venue for dances, banquets, examinations, and the like. In 1934 The New York Times reported that Harvard officials had "at last found a use for Memorial Hall" by siting a rifle range in the basement.</p><br>
<p>During World War II the Crimson reported</p><br>
<p>Harvard Crimson. August 24, 1943. Retrieved 2012-11-10. that "the Great Hall" was being used "in winter-time for the 6 oclock in the morning calisthenics of the Chaplains School" (though without explaining why Harvard Divinity students had been singled out for this treatment) and intimated that Stevens Laboratory, in the basement, "is doing secret work in acoustics."</p><br>
<p>After extensive renovations, in 1996 the space was renamed Annenberg Hall and supplanted, as the freshmen dining hall, the Harvard Union, which had performed that function during most of the intervening time.</p><br>
<p>A 1916 guide described it as "very impressive; in spite of the mistake of ill-placed rows of hat-racks..."</p><br>
<p>Shackleton, Robert. (1916), p. 235.</p><br>
<h3>Memorial Transept</h3><br>
<p>Harvard&#39;s Union dead, including Robert Gould Shaw, Class of 1860.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial Transept consists of a 60 ft gothic vault above a marble floor, black walnut paneling and stenciled walls, a large stained-glass over each of two exterior doors, andcommemorating 136 Harvard men who died fighting for the Uniontwenty-eight white tablets,</p><br>
<p>(Confederate deaths are not represented.)</p><br>
<p>Memorial Transept acts as a vestibule for Sanders Theatre.</p><br>
<h3>Sanders Theatre</h3><br>
<p>Sanders Theatre (substantially completed in 1875, but first used for Harvards 1876 commencement) was inspired by Christopher Wrens Sheldonian Theatre.</p><br>
<p>Renowned for its acoustics, and with 1166 seats Harvard&#39;s largest meeting place,</p><br>
<p>Sanders is in great demand for lectures, concerts, ceremonies and conferences.</p><br>
<p>Winston Churchill, Theodore Roosevelt, Martin Luther King, Jr, and Mikhail Gorbachev have spoken there.</p><br>
<p>Sanders features John La Farge&#39;s stained-glass window Athena Tying a Mourning Fillet; statues of James Otis (by Thomas Crawford) and Josiah Quincy III (by William Wetmore Story) flank the stage.</p><br>
<p>The exterior gables display busts of great orators: Demosthenes, Cicero, John Chrysostom, Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Edmund Burke, and Daniel Webster.</p><br>
<p>Sanders contributed in an unusual way to the early work of Wallace Sabine, considered the founder of architectural acoustics. In 1895, tasked with improving the dismal acoustical performance of the Fogg Museums lecture hall, Sabine carried out a series of nocturnal experiments there, using hundreds of seat cushions borrowed from nearby Sanders as sound-absorbent materialeach nights work being limited by the requirement that the cushions be back in Sanders in time for morning lectures there.</p><br>
<p>The scientific unit of sound absorption, the sabin, is very close to the absorption provided by one Sanders Theatre cushion.</p><br>
<h3>Loker Commons</h3><br>
<p>Beneath Annenberg Hall, Loker Commons offers a student pub, music practice spaces, and other facilities.</p><br>
<h3>Fenestration</h3><br>
<p>Twenty-two stained-glass windows, installed between 1879 and 1902, include several by John La Farge, Louis Comfort Tiffany Studios, Donald MacDonald, Sarah Wyman Whitman,</p><br>
<p>Harvard Magazine, January–February 2010. and Charles Mills.</p><br>
<h3>Tower and clock</h3><br>
<p>by 1876, but criticism convinced Van Brunt and Ware to revise it in 1877. In 1897 was added what a 1905 guidebook described as "an enormous detonates the hours in a manner which is by no means conducive to the sleep of the just and the rest of the weary",</p><br>
<p>and which Kenneth John Conant termed "railroad Gothic".</p><br>
<p>In 1932 the clock&#39;s driving works, and the associated 155-pound (70kg) bell-clapper, were somehow lowered 115 feet (35m) to the ground without attracting attention; visiting Yale students were suspected</p><br>
<p>but the clapper was never found. Three years later the disappearance of the replacement clapper, under similar circumstances, was rumored to be Yale&#39;s revenge for the theft of its mascot, Handsome Dan.</p><br>
<p>The 1897 tower was destroyed by fire in 1956 and rebuilt, to its 18771897 appearance, in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Original backdrop to John Harvard statue</h2><br>
<p>The John Harvard statue was originally (1884) installed before Memorial Hall&#39;s west façade, but in 1924 it was moved to its current location on the west side of University Hall.</p><br>
<p>Memorial Hall being still, at the time, the college dining hall, a Harvard Lampoon cartoon showed "John Harvard" dismounting his plinth, chair in tow, and holding his nose because he "couldnt stand the smell of Mem&#39; any longer".</p><br>
<p>Brattøra is an artificial island in the city of Trondheim in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The island is located at the mouth of the river Nidelva just north of the city centre , west of Nyhavna, and south of Trondheimsfjord. There is a canal that divides the mainland from what is now the island of Brattøra. In addition to some commercial offices, most of the island is used by Trondheim Central Station and Trondheim Port.</p><br>
<p>The island is connected to the western parts of Trondheim by the Skansen Tunnel which was completed in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Since the late 1990s, there has been an urban renewal program at Brattøra, converting parts of the port to office buildings, including the swimming pool "Pirbadet" and a massive office complex housing among others Reinertsen and the Norwegian School of Management. Brattøra also houses Pirterminalen, the docks for the high-speed catamaran services to Fosen and Kristiansund as well as the corporate headquarters of Fosen Trafikklag. The Coastal Express and other cruise ships also stop at Brattøra.</p><br>
<p>Brattøra was the site of the Øreting, the regional Ting during the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>The Maskerchugg River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 6 km . There are four dams along the river&#39;s length.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river rises from an unnamed pond in Warwick near the intersection of Cowesett Road and Paddock Drive. From there, the river flows east along Cowesett Road, then turns southeast and flows past Interstate 95 to East Greenwich. The river then continues to its mouth at Greenwich Cove, on the north side of Potowomut Peninsula.</p><br>
<h2>Crossings</h2><br>
<p>Below is a list of all crossings over the Maskerchugg River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.</p><br>
<p>*Warwick</p><br>
<p>**Cowesett Road (Twice)</p><br>
<p>**Interstate 95</p><br>
<p>*East Greenwich</p><br>
<p>**Division Street (RI 401)</p><br>
<p>**Sylvan Drive</p><br>
<p>**Kenyon Avenue</p><br>
<p>**Main Street (U.S. 1)</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Dark Entry Brook is the Maskerchugg River&#39;s only named tributary, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.</p><br>
<p>Agistri, also Angistri or Agkistri , is a small island and municipality in the Saronic Gulf in the Islands regional unit, Greece.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>There are only three settlements on Agistri - Milos (Megalochori), Skala and Limenaria. Milos (pop. 566) is the main village where the majority of the Greek population of the island lives. Skala (pop. 448) is a twenty-minute walk from Milos along the coastal road. Skala is where most of the tourist facilities and hotels are. Limenaria (pop. 128) is a very small village on the other side of the island with very little tourism. The island&#39;s population is 1,142 inhabitants according to the 2011 Greek census. Its land area is 13.367 km².</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Agistri is a pine-covered island in the Saronic Islands group.</p><br>
<p>Agistri is very close to the larger Saronic island of Aegina. The island can be reached from Aegina by a number of boats in just ten minutes. These boats include the Agistri Express and a number of small "water taxis". The island is also an hour&#39;s boat ride from the large Athenian port of Piraeus.</p><br>
<p>55 Central Park West is a 19-floor housing cooperative located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. The building was designed by the architectural firm Schwartz and Gross, and built in 1929. The interior and exterior possess unique architectural features. The building is a contributing property within the Central Park West Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building holds significance in American popular culture because scenes from the 1984 film Ghostbusters were shot there.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Plans for the building, between 65th and 66th Streets, were filed by architectural firm Schwartz and Gross at the behest of Victor Earle and John C. Calhoun, for whom they were working. Earle, and his brother Guyon, had been actively developing the Upper West Side of New York City since the 1910s.</p><br>
<p>The structure is considered to be mostly "second tier" by the socialite New Yorkers who occupy most of the buildings along Central Park West. It was opened as a rental property in 1930. Its neighbor to the south is the earlier Holy Trinity Lutheran Church. Upon its opening Real Estate magazine praised it as resembling "Jungfrau, that most beloved snowcapped Alpine peak."</p><br>
<p>Musician Rudy Vallee was one of the building&#39;s earliest residents. The duplex penthouse on the 19th and 20th floors was owned by composer Jerry Herman in the 1970s, before he sold it for $1 million to Klein (who later sold it, and then bought it again in the 1990s). David Geffen later purchased it for $6 million, before selling it for $8.6 million to music executive Steve Gottlieb, who in turn listed it the week his record label TVT Records filed for bankruptcy.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was the first fully Art Deco structure on the street.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>When the building opened in 1930 it had apartments ranging from three to nine rooms, the largest of which had four bedrooms. The apartments featured a dropped living room, developed by the Earle brothers, which set the interior apart from most others constructed around the same period. An original rental brochure shows the dropped living room nearly entirely open to the entrance gallery; traditionally the gallery was held as a different room.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The exterior of the building is somewhat non-traditional. As the brick facade rises from the ground it changes shade from deep purple to yellow-white. Color was widely used during the 1920s as a tool in architecture for overall effects. The rental brochure stated: "new modernistic design of exterior with beautiful shaded color scheme". The New Yorkers architecture critic, George S. Chappell, praised the building&#39;s use of color, said, "the total effect is exhilarating."</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The building is a contributing property to the Central Park West Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1982. It is also a contributing property to the New York Citys Upper West Side/Central Park West local historic district. Benjamin Schwarz, writing for The Atlantic, said of the buildings along Central Park West, "no endeavor on earth is more arduous than getting into one of these buildings," and specifically cited the "details of Donna Karans deal for her digs at 55 Central Park West."</p><br>
<p>55 Central Park West holds significance in American popular culture because scenes from the 1984 film Ghostbusters were shot there. In the film, the building is said to have been designed by an insane architect named Ivo Shandor, who started a secret society, which performed rituals on the building&#39;s roof as early as 1920. via the eight floors that were added to exterior shots of it via matte painting by Production designer/Art director John DeCuir.</p><br>
<p>St Michael on the Mount Without is a church on St Michael&#39;s Hill in Bristol, England, near the University. It has been designated as a grade II* listed building, and is currently described as being in poor condition and on the Buildings at Risk Register.</p><br>
<p>The tower dates from the mid 15th century, however the rest of the church was rebuilt between 1775 and 1777 by Thomas Paty. It has been closed since the 1990s, however plans have been drawn up for the future use of the building and the restoration work required.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original church on the site was Norman. As it was outside the original city walls it was known as St Michael on the Mount Without. The tower was added in the 15th century. Bells were installed in the tower in 1739. By the 1760s the population of the city and parish had grown requiring expansion of church. A survey by Thomas Paty described the fabric of the old building as "ruinous" and, as a result demolition of everything except the tower was undertaken and it was rebuilt. It has an aisled nave, chancel and north and south porches, along with the older tower in the west.</p><br>
<p>It was damaged in 1941 during the Bristol Blitz and the fire caused by incendiary bombs left it without a roof but it was considered repairable.</p><br>
<p>The church closed in 1999 due to falling attendances and has been boarded up since then. Some walls are covered in ivy and are in shadow from overgrown trees. Various plans have been put forward for the church&#39;s future use. The Bristol Civic Society is working with the Diocese of Bristol and others to develop a sustainable use for the future. A bid for Heritage Lottery Fund support has been submitted for the first stage of the work.</p><br>
<p>There was a tradition at the church of distributing large buns known as Tuppenny Starvers to local children on Easter Tuesday. Since the closure of the church this has been continued at the local primary school. The bells are still regularly rung by the University of Bristol Society of Change Ringers (UBSCR).</p><br>
<p>In October 2016 the building caught fire, with reports of the roof collapsing. Fifteen fire engines from Avon Fire and Rescue Service attended. Avon Fire and Rescue Service said that the fire was started deliberately. In October 2017 the building was put up for sale.</p><br>
<h2>Archives</h2><br>
<p>Parish records for the church of St Michael on the Mount Without, Bristol are held at Bristol Archives (Ref. P. St M) () including baptism, marriage and burial registers. The archive also includes records of the incumbent, churchwardens, overseer of the poor, parochial church council, charities, schools, societies and vestry plus deeds, plans, photographs and pictures.</p><br>
<p>St Peter&#39;s is a ruined church in Castle Park, Bristol, England. It was bombed during World War II and is now preserved as a memorial.</p><br>
<p>The foundation of the church can be traced back to 1106 when it was endowed on Tewkesbury Abbey, with a 12th-century lower tower, the rest of the church being built in the 15th century. Excavations in 1975 suggest that this was the site of Bristol&#39;s first church; the 12th-century city wall runs under the west end of the present church. It was bombed during the Bristol Blitz of 24-25 November 1940 and ruined. It is maintained as a monument to the civilian war dead of Bristol.</p><br>
<p>It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The church ran St Peters Hospital, a workhouse on St Peters Street which was destroyed by bombing during the Bristol Blitz.</p><br>
<h2>Archives</h2><br>
<p>Parish records for St Peters church, Bristol are held at Bristol Archives (Ref. P. St PE) () including a baptism register, marriage registers and a burial register. The archive also includes records of the incumbent, churchwardens, charities, societies and vestry plus plans and photographs. Some of these records were severely damaged when the church was bombed but duplicate entries of the parish registers can be found in the bishops transcripts of these records.</p><br>
<p>St Peter&#39;s is a Neo Norman style church in Bishopsworth, Bristol, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first church in Bishopsworth was a small chapel dedicated to St Peter and St Paul built under an arrangement in 1194 between Robert Arthur, lord of the manor, and George de Dunster, prebendary of Bedminster. The agreement provided for a chaplain to visit from Bedminster on Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays. This provision continued until dissolution in 1540. The chapel was converted into three cottages which stood until the Corporation demolished them in 1961 to make way for a swimming pool.</p><br>
<p>The present church, dedicated to St Peter, was built in 1841–43. The neo-Norman design was the work of Samuel Charles Fripp. Construction started on the current church in 1841 and was not completed until 1842 or 1843. The church&#39;s planned tower was never completed on time. It became a parish church in 1853. It is little altered except for a vestry / porch which was added in 1877.</p><br>
<p>It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The churchyard contains war graves of four soldiers, from the airman and Royal Navy and a sailor of World War II.</p><br>
<p>St Thomas the Martyr is a former Church of England parish church on St Thomas Street in the Redcliffe district of the English port city of Bristol.</p><br>
<p>It has a 14th-century tower, but the nave was rebuilt 1791–93 by James Allen. A substantial reordering was carried out by William Venn Gough between 1878 and 1880, and the top of the tower was remodeled with spirelet, pinnacles, and pierced parapet by Gough in 1896–97.</p><br>
<p>Four paintings for the reredos were commissioned from the German artist Fritz von Kamptz in 1906, and are now housed in the south aisle.</p><br>
<p>Although the church survived the "Bristol Blitz" of the Second World War, the congregation declined after the war and the church was finally declared redundant. It is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust, having been vested in the Trust on 17 February 1988.</p><br>
<p>The organ was built by John Harris in 1729, and attracted the admiration of Handel.</p><br>
<p>It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>Archives</h2><br>
<p>Parish records for St Thomas the Martyr church, Bristol are held at Bristol Archives (Ref. P. St T) () including baptism, marriage and burial registers. The archive also includes records of the incumbent, churchwardens, overseer of the poor, parochial church council, charities, societies, waywarden and vestry plus deeds, plans and photographs.</p><br>
<h2>Current usage</h2><br>
<p>The building is currently leased by the Churches Conservation Trust to a Romanian Orthodox Church community who use it for worship on Sundays and special days. Otherwise it is available for hire.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Grange No. 1 was organized on March 4, 1871 by a group of rural farmers who had become concerned about the rising costs of farming in the post Civil War economy. It is in Clinton Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Eagle Grange No. 1 was the first grange to be organized in Pennsylvania, two years before the formation of the Pennsylvania State Grange and four years after The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, better known as the National Grange was founded in Fredonia, New York by Oliver Hudson Kelley. The chief objectives of the Eagle Grange No. 1 were the establishment of a co-operative purchasing program for farmers, the lowering of railroad rates, and the establishment of rural free delivery by the United States Postal Service. The Grange was one of the first national organizations to give equal status to female members.</p><br>
<p>Luke Eger, a farmer from Lycoming County, was the driving force behind the formation of Eagle Grange No. 1. He had read about the success of similar farmers co-operative groups in states like Ohio, Iowa, and Minnesota. Eger contacted Oliver Hudson Kelley who was working for farmers rights in Washington, D.C. at the time. Kelley encouraged Eger to establish a Grange in Lycoming County. Eger received little support from his friends and neighbors when he first attempted to establish a co-operative. In fact his brother-in-law, Frank Porter, is quoted in saying that Eagle Grange No. 1 was finally established, "just to keep peace in the family." Luke Eger wrote to the National Grange in 1871, "I have at last succeeded in organizing and raising a club here and think there will be little trouble in establishing clubs in the county."</p><br>
<p>Luke Eger and 39 other farmers began Eagle Grange No. 1 on March 4, 1871 at the base of Bald Eagle Mountain in southern Lycoming County. They quickly set about reaching their goals. One of their most important goals was to set up a plan of co-operative purchasing farming supplies to drive down the prices. Merchants that refused to do business with the co-op were summarily boycotted by the members of the Grange. The farmers from Lycoming County also sought to have the rates charged to them by the railroads lowered and they pushed for rural free delivery from the Post Office. Eger and the other members of Eagle Grange No. 1 were quickly successful in establishing themselves as a force with which to be reckoned.</p><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania State Grange was established on September 18, 1873 in Reading. Representatives from 22 local Granges met on Blenizer&#39;s Hall and elected the man who said that the first Pennsylvania Grange was established to "keep the peace in the family", Frank Porter, as the first Overseer of the Pennsylvania State Grange. The Grange Hall was built in 1887.</p><br>
<p>Lake Stymphalia  is located in the north-eastern part of the Peloponnese, in Corinthia, southern Greece. It is a Wetlands area, a popular farming area. Usually this area around the lake is fairly dry underfoot. In certain weather conditions thousands of small green frogs hide in the damp grass from the aquatic snakes. These frogs are invisible in the grass until you almost step on them, at which they jump out of the way, usually landing on another frog which also jumps. The effect is of ripples of frogs travelling outwards with every step. The area is rich in birds, amphibians and plant life. Other wildlife, such as weasels, can also be seen.</p><br>
<p>The area is also mentioned in Greek Mythology, due to the Stymphalian birds, which infested the Arcadian woods near the lake. Heracles&#39; sixth labour was to exterminate them.</p><br>
<p>The Dobra  is a river located mostly in the Karlovac County in the Republic of Croatia. It is 104 km long and its basin covers an area of 900 km&sup2;. Its name is the feminine form of the Croatian adjective meaning "good" but it is over simplistic folk etymology. The river name probably comes from the Celtic dubrum, dubron meaning ‘water’, Illyrian δυβρις  ‘deep’ or Old Slavonic dъbrь  also ‘deep’ or ‘valley’.</p><br>
<p>Dobra rises in Gorski Kotar near Skrad and Ravna Gora, where it flows first to the north and then turns to the east. It flows past Vrbovsko, to the southeast into the city of Ogulin, where it becomes an underground stream. It takes a sharp northward turn and rises back to the surface north of Ogulin. It continues to the northeast, past the Lešće spa and a hydroelectric plant (built and in test operation ), running in parallel to the Kupa and Mrežnica, and finally flows into the Kupa north of Karlovac.</p><br>
<p>North of Ogulin, near Gojak, the water of Dobra is harvested for the Gojak Hydroelectric Power Plant, a hydroelectric power plant built to utilize the rivers Dobra and Mrežnica.</p><br>
<p>Two motorway bridges have been built over the Dobra: the Dobra Bridge (A1) and the Dobra Bridge (A6).</p><br>
<p>Vetle Skagastølstinden  is one of the peaks constituting Skagastølstindane  in the Hurrungane mountain range, and is among Norway&#39;s highest. The 2,340 m tall mountain is located in the eastern part of the municipality of Luster in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It lies directly between the mountains Midtre Skagastølstind, Store Skagastølstind, and Sentraltind. The mountains Store Styggedalstinden and Jervvasstind lie 1.5 km to the east, and the village of Skjolden lies 15 km to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is the genitive of the name of the mountain farm Skagastølen and the last element is tind which means "mountain peak". The mountain farm (dairy farm) Skagastølen belongs to the farm Skagen in Luster and stølen is the finite form of støl which means "mountain farm". Skagen is the finite form of skage which means "headland" or "promontory" and the name is equivalent with the famous Skagen in Denmark. The words vetle and vesle mean "the small".</p><br>
<p>The Branch River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 16 km . There are six dams along the river&#39;s length. The river provided energy for many of the regions textile mills in the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river is formed in Burrillville by the confluence of the Clear and Chepachet rivers. From there, it flows north to North Smithfield, past Slatersville and Forestdale to the Blackstone River.</p><br>
<h2>Crossings</h2><br>
<p>Below is a list of all crossings over the Branch River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.</p><br>
<p>Burrillville</p><br>
<p>Victory Highway</p><br>
<p>Broncos Highway (RI 102) (Twice)</p><br>
<p>Douglas Pike (RI 7)</p><br>
<p>North Smithfield</p><br>
<p>Main Street</p><br>
<p>Railroad Street</p><br>
<p>Rhode Island State Route 146</p><br>
<p>Great Road (RI 146A)</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Trout and Dawley Brooks are the Branch River&#39;s only named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.</p><br>
<p>Teja island  is an island in the city of Valdivia, Chile surrounded by three rivers: Cau-Cau river to the north, Cruces river to the west and Valdivia river to the southeast. Prior to the mid-19th century the islan was known as isla Valanzuela after Francisco de Valenzuela, an encomendero that settled there in 1552. In the second half of the 19th century the island became known for its roof tile  and brick factory, hence the name isla Teja. Pedro de Valdivia bridge. A large section of the island&#39;s western riverside sank below water level due to the Great Chilean earthquake of 1960.</p><br>
<p>The island holds the main campus of Universidad Austral de Chile and since the construction of Río Cruces bridge in 1987 it became the main route to the neighboring areas of Niebla, Corral and Mancera Island.</p><br>
<p>Mount Waldo is a small mountain about 1,060 ft high in Waldo County, Maine. It is located in the town of Frankfort.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Waldo granite was once the stock in trade of a thriving industry. The Mount Waldo Granite has a coarse-grained texture which gives it a more patchy, mottled look than the finer-grained granites. Although granite is no longer quarried here, it can still be seen in buildings in many eastern cities, such as New York, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>The combination of bare rock ledges and proximity to tidewater made this granite amenable to quarrying in the early 19th century. The two significant quarries in the Mount Waldo Granite in the 19th century were on the northeast flank of Mount Waldo itself, and near the top of Mosquito Mountain. According to a description of the operations from the early 20th century, the quarried stone was taken over graded tracks, operated by gravity, to cutting sheds and wharfs on Marsh River. From there it was taken on the Penobscot River and distributed to eastern ports in Massachusetts, New York, and Philadelphia, and to "western" cities of Chicago, Milwaukee, and Cleveland. The granite from Mt. Waldo was used for structures such as the Washington Monument, the USA Senate Office Building, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the United Nations Building, the Philadelphia Mint, the Empire State Building, and several piers that support the Brooklyn Bridge</p><br>
<p>The quarry was on the north spur of Mount Waldo, 660 ft above sea level, one-third mile southwest of the town of Frankfort. The operator of the quarry was the Mount Waldo Granite Works of Frankfort. Granite from the quarry was reportedly a medium gray color. Transport of the granite was by two graded tracks, each 1,200 ft long, operated by gravity from the quarry part way down the hill to the power house, thence by a cable road (Roebling engine) 1¼ miles to the wharf, which is accessible to schooners at 15 ft draft. The quarry located at Mt. Waldo has been unused since 1914. The surviving elements of the quarry works were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Tjørnholstind  is a mountain in Vågå, Oppland, Norway and lies in the mountain range Jotunheimen south of the lake Gjende and north of the valley Leirungsdalen. On the northern side is a 400 m vertical drop down to Nordre Tjønnholet, a glacier.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has two peaks with a narrow ridge between. The western summit is the highest and the lower eastern summit also has the name Steinflytind and has elevation 2,318 m.</p><br>
<p>The mountain and both peaks are easily accessible from both west and east.</p><br>
<h2>The name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is the genitive of the name of the gorge Tjønnholet, the last element is the finite form of tind m mountain peak. The name of the gorge is a compound of tjønn f tarn, small lake and the finite form of hol n hole (hollow), gorge. There are actually two gorges with the name Tjønnholet here: Nørdre Tjønnholet north of the peak - and Søre Tjønnholet south of the peak.</p><br>
<p>The Bnai Abraham Synagogue is a former synagogue in Virginia, Minnesota, United States. Built in 1909-10, it was the last remaining active synagogue on the Iron Range, and its once-robust congregation dwindled to a handful of members who could no longer maintain the handsome brick structure. It closed its doors in the mid-1990s. Many religious places such as Bnai Abraham slowly become vacant in areas where scant resources are available to continue serving their communities or rekindle new purposes. It was acquired in 2004 by a not-for-profit organization, The Friends of Bnai Abraham, who raised funds, and continue to do so, for the buildings restoration. Its restoration is underway and reuse of this unique religious, cultural and historical building is ongoing. It has been rededicated as the B&#39;nai Abraham Museum and Cultural Center in order to serve the citizens of Virginia, Minnesota and surrounding areas, and to preserve the history of its Jewish community, of which it was so much a part. The building reopened in the summer of 2008, and is jointly managed by the Friends organization and the Virginia Area Historical Society. It is used as a cultural center and museum and includes a permanent exhibit documenting the history of Jewish settlement on the Iron Range.</p><br>
<p>The One-Million-Liter Test Sphere — also known as the Test Sphere, the Horton Test Sphere, the Cloud Study Chamber, Building 527, and the “Eight Ball”  — is a decommissioned biological warfare  chamber and testing facility located on Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA. It was constructed and utilized by the USA Army Biological Warfare Laboratories as part of its BW research program from 1951 to 1969. It is the largest aerobiology chamber ever constructed and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>The structure</h2><br>
<p>The stainless steel test sphere, a cloud chamber used to study static microbial aerosols, is a four-story high, 131-ton structure. Its 1 in, carbon steel hull was designed to withstand the internal detonation of "hot" biological bombs without risk to outsiders. It was originally contained within a cubical brick building.</p><br>
<p>Its purpose was the study of infectious agent aerosols and testing of pathogen-filled munitions. The device was designed to allow exposure of animals and humans to carefully controlled numbers of organisms by an aerosol (inhalational) route. Live, tethered animals were inserted into the chamber along with BW bombs for exposure tests. Human volunteers breathed metered aerosols of Q fever or tularemia organisms through ports along the perimeter of the sphere.</p><br>
<h2>History (1947-1969)</h2><br>
<p>Herbert G. Tanner, the head of Camp (now Fort) Detrick&#39;s Munitions Division, had envisioned an enclosed environment where biological tests could be conducted on site, rather than at remote places like Dugway Proving Ground, Utah and Horn Island, Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>The facility was constructed during 1947 and 1948 and became operational at Camp Detrick in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The test sphere was utilized during the Operation Whitecoat studies (1954–73), the first exposure taking place on January 25, 1955.</p><br>
<h2>History (1969-present day)</h2><br>
<p>The test sphere has not been used since 1969, when the US offensive BW program was disestablished by President Nixon. The brick building housing the test sphere was destroyed by fire in 1974. However, the chamber itself was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Store Austanbotntind  is a mountain on the border of the municipalities of Luster and Årdal in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It is the highest peak in the western part of the Hurrungane mountain range. The mountain is located in Jotunheimen National Park, about 12.5 km southeast of the village of Skjolden. The easiest route to the summit involves climbing, though relatively easy, and crossing of an exposed snow flank.</p><br>
<p>The nearby mountains Store Skagastølstind, Vetle Skagastølstind, and Midtre Skagastølstind are all located about 5.5 km to the northeast of Store Austanbotntind.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is the name of the valley Austanbotnen and the last element is the finite form of tind which means "mountain peak". The name of the valley is a compound of austan which means "eastern" and the finite form of botn which means "bottom" or "end of a valley".</p><br>
<p>The Quartz Mountains are an extension of the Wichita Mountains in the far southwestern part of the state of Oklahoma. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the range was originally formed about 550 million years ago as a "failed continental rift". It was uplifted about 300 million years ago and has since weathered into its current condition. The unique geography provides cover for the most northerly population of live oak, quercus fusiformis. This rare oak is generally regarded as the most cold hardy evergreen oak.</p><br>
<h2>General description</h2><br>
<p>The section extends west and northwest of the main Wichita range,separated by a plain dotted with smaller foothills. It is about 13 miles east of Mangum and 20 miles north of Altus. The tallest mountain in the range is Quartz Mountain at 1,887 feet above sea level. The area is popular for rockclimbing on its weathered granite outcroppings and is home to Quartz Mountain State Park and Lake Altus-Lugert reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Formerly controlled (at least nominally) by Spain, France, Mexico, and the Republic of Texas ,In the mid 19th Century, these mountains were part of the United States area known as the Leased District and Indian Territory. Old Greer County and the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation were created from this district and became part of Oklahoma Territory. Actually, the area was mostly controlled by nomadic Native American tribes, until they were militarily pushed onto reservations.</p><br>
<p>Intensive hunting exterminated many species of the region&#39;s fauna (e.g.,bison, elk, wolves and mountain lions) before the 20th Century. General Philip Sheridan reportedly said, "... have done more in the last two years, and will do more in the next year, to settle the vexed Indian question than the entire regular army has done in the last thirty years." Finally, after personal pleas from the Comanche chief, Quanah Parker, President Theodore Roosevelt authorized a policy of repopulating the area with the original species.</p><br>
<h2>Protected areas</h2><br>
<p>In 1927, Lake Altus (now Lake-Altus-Lugert) was created at the base of the Quartz Mountains. In 1935, a 148.3 acre tract adjoining the lake was declared to be Quartz Mountain State Park. This tract had been bought by citizens of Altus and donated it to the state for use as a park. Moreacreage has been added over the intervening years, bringing the total park area to 4,540 acres.</p><br>
<h2>Quartz Mountain Resort</h2><br>
<p>The Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education operates the Quartz Mountain Resort. It includes a 118-room lodge, a guesthouse, cabins, bunkhouse, RV hookups and primitive campsites.</p><br>
<p>The Nast Trinity United Methodist Church is a historic congregation of the United Methodist Church in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Designed by leading Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford and built in 1881, and it was declared a historic site in the late twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1807 in the city of Stuttgart in Germany, William Nast immigrated to the United States at the age of twenty-one. After teaching at the United States Military Academy and at Kenyon College, he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church at the age of twenty-eight and was soon ordained to the Methodist ministry. Starting in Cincinnati in 1837, he began a process of organizing Methodist churches among German immigrants throughout the United States. Although the members of the new First German Methodist Episcopal Church originally worshipped in the nearby Wesley Chapel, they soon acquired the Race Street property on which the present church building is located. Eventually named Nast Methodist Church for its founder, the congregation merged with Trinity Methodist Church in 1958, and the two churches&#39; names were mingled.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Methodist was older than Nast Methodist, having been established in 1835. Its founding members had come together from several older Methodist Episcopal churches in various parts of the city, including Wesley Chapel; because the denomination lacked churches in the citys downtown, a lot was purchased on Ninth Street and the Trinity congregations building erected there. Over the years, Trinity was weakened multiple times by the establishment of several other congregations by some of its former members; more than half of its members left to found Walnut Hills Methodist Church in 1870, and the 1892 creation of Clifton Methodist Episcopal Church resulted in the departure of three-fourths of Trinitys leading members. By the middle of the twentieth century, the neighborhood surrounding Trinitys church building had become part of Cincinnati&#39;s central business district, and the congregation was continuing to shrink in both membership and money; as a result, it merged with Nast Methodist Church. Located on Ninth Street west of Race Street, the former Trinity Methodist Church building continues in existence to the present day.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Located in Cincinnati&#39;s Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, the church building is a stone structure with brick elements, built on a stone foundation and covered with a slate roof. Two-and-a-half stories tall, the church features a prominent front gable with a grand tympanum created in the Norman style. Numerous courses of undressed stone appear on the exterior, which is furthermore distinguished by a semi-Palladian window, an elaborate Romanesque Revival arch, multiple small circular windows, and small porches on both sides of the facade.</p><br>
<p>By choosing Samuel Hannaford (who was a member of the Winton Place Methodist Episcopal Church in the village of Winton Place) to design their new structure in 1881, Nast Methodist Episcopal Church selected one of Cincinnatis most prominent architects. Having completed the grand Cincinnati Music Hall in the 1870s, Hannaford was at the pinnacle of his career in the early 1880s. At this time, Cincinnati was experiencing significant growth, and Hannafords services were in demand throughout the city and its suburbs. Many other churches in the region commissioned buildings from Hannaford during this period of his life; more than a dozen survive today, and nearly all of these structures feature walls of ashlar with undressed exteriors, like that of Nast Trinity. Conversely, few of these church buildings are designed in the conventional Romanesque Revival style of Nast Trinity; the majority are Gothic Revival buildings, and several others are examples of the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Such a variation in styles was not restricted to religious buildings; as popular tastes changed, Hannaford willingly employed a wide range of architectural styles in all types of buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In recognition of its historically significant architecture, the National Park Service listed the former First German Methodist Episcopal Church on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was part of a multiple property submission of structures designed by Samuel Hannaford in Cincinnati and the surrounding metropolitan area, which included thirteen different religious buildings and more than fifty buildings overall. Its designation as a historic site is particularly significant because of its religious nature, for churches and other religious properties are not typically considered eligible for inclusion on the Register.</p><br>
<p>University Hall is a white granite building designed by the great early American architect Charles Bulfinch and built by the noted early engineer Loammi Baldwin, Jr. It is located in Harvard Yard on the campus of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>The hall was designed by Bulfinch, class of 1781, and built between 1813–1815 of white Chelmsford granite, probably using rock cut to size at the Charlestown Prison. It consists of a partial basement story, plus three full stories raised above ground as well as an additional story set within the roofline. The long east and west facades are very similar, and symmetrically arranged with two entrances per facade, each flanked by pilasters; smaller north and south facades present rows of windows. Total construction cost was $65,000 of which $53,000 was paid by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>University Halls first floor contained the College Commons (dining room) until 1849. The building also contained a library and philosophical (scientific) apparatus, as well as a chapel within the second and third floors. A massive portico with stone pillars was added to the western facade soon after completion, but removed in 1842. In 1849 the first floor was partitioned into classrooms; in 1867 the chapel was partitioned as well. In 1896 the chapel was restored and used for meetings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. In 1924 Daniel Chester Frenchs bronze statue of John Harvard was moved to the western façade from its original location near Memorial Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, Harvard students took over the hall and occupied it for 18 hours in protest of Harvard&#39;s stance on the Vietnam War. The demonstration ended only when Massachusetts state police arrived to remove the students from the building.</p><br>
<p>Entry Island  is an island off the east coast of the Magdalen Islands, which are part of the Canadian province of Quebec. The island is 2 km wide and 3 km long. The island is located 12 km from the main port of Cap-aux-Meules of the Magdalen Islands. Entry Island is only accessible by ocean or air. The island is also home to an English-speaking community.</p><br>
<p>Fishing is the main industry of the island with the lobster fishery being the most important, but some fishermen also harvest crab, scallops, whelk, mackerel, tuna and herring.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 65 residents reside on Entry Island year around. That is down from 270 in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Visible as the first island when travelling by ferry from the Magdalen Islands, Entry Island can be identified by its lavishly tinted cliffs. Beautiful, unspoiled rolling green hills are one of the main attractions of Entry Island. At 174 meters (571 feet) above sea level, Big Hill is the highest elevation on the island, and is also the highest point of land in the archipelago. The island has two stores, a restaurant, an Anglican church, CLSC, museum, and post office; a bed and breakfast operates during the tourist season.</p><br>
<p>In July 2010, a small military exercise called Exercise "SABRE" took place on the island, lasting 18 days.</p><br>
<p>The Entry Island School closed permanently in 2015. The remaining 2 school age students reside on the main islands during the school year and are now attending the English speaking school at Grosse-Île.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>A ferry comes to Entry twice a day except Sundays, Christmas Day and New Years Day. When visitors come to Entry Island, after an hour boat ride, they may see more four-wheelers or snowmobiles (depending on the season) at the pier than cars. There is no gas station on Entry Island.</p><br>
<p>There is a year-round local ferry service that transports passengers, mail and freight. Vehicle transportation has to be arranged ahead of time and is limited to one or two vehicles per run, if even. Sometimes in the winter an ice bridge forms from Entry Island to Amherst Island. This winter bridge is used frequently by islanders travelling on snowmobiles, horses and even automobiles as well as on foot (for the intrepid) according to winter conditions.</p><br>
<p>The airfield on Entry Island has two paved runways, but it has no scheduled passenger service. There is also a wooden helipad with no further aviation infrastructure at the North-East corner of the island (La Cormorandière).</p><br>
<p>Entry Island is one of three anglophone communities on the Magdalen Islands, the other two being Grosse-Île and Old Harry. Entry Island is the only totally secluded community, as the others (anglophone and francophone) are all connected by sand dunes and a highway, Route 199.</p><br>
<h2>In fiction</h2><br>
<p>Scottish author Peter Mays 2013 book Entry Island is a detective novel mostly set on the island. Quebec author Jean Lemieuxs 2009 book La lune rouge (published in French only) is a psychological novel set on the island. The beginning of the science-fiction novel The Odyssey of the Penelope ( L&#39;odysée du Pénélope, Aurora Award 1998) by Jean-Pierre Guillet, takes place on the island.</p><br>
<p>Sturgeon Lake Caldera is a large extinct caldera complex in Kenora District of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is one of the world&#39;s best preserved mineralized Neoarchean caldera complexes, containing well-preserved mafic-intermediate pillow lavas, pillow breccias, hyaloclastite and peperites, submarine lava domes and dome-associated breccia deposits. The complex is some 2.7 billion years old with a minimum strike length of 30 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Sturgeon Lake Caldera contains a well preserved north facing homoclinal chain of greenschist facies metamorphosed intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary layers. This piecemeal caldera complex includes nearly 3,000 m of major subaqueously deposited intracaldera fill. Episodes of subaerial and subaqueous explosive felsic volcanism created rhyodacitic to rhyolitic tuffs and lapilli tuffs. The caldera complex lies in the Wabigoon greenstone belt.</p><br>
<p>The Sturgeon Lake Caldera contains volcanic units that outcrop over 30 km from east to west with up to five separate, major ash flow tuff units with thickness ranging from 100 m to 1,200 m. The Mattabi pyroclastic flow, with a thickness in excess of 800 m and a strike length of at least 30 km, is the third and most voluminous eruptive event associated with the Sturgeon Lake Caldera. It hosts the 12-Mt Mattabi massive sulfide deposit which is interpreted to have formed on and below the seafloor, the latter through the processes of pore-space filling and replacement.</p><br>
<p>Elm Court is a former Vanderbilt mansion located on Old Stockbridge Road, straddling the town line between Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and until July 2012 was owned and operated as a hotel by descendants of the original owners.</p><br>
<p>Elm Court was built as the Berkshire summer home of William Douglas Sloane and Emily Thorn Vanderbilt, a member of the wealthy American Vanderbilt family. Designed by premier architectural firm Peabody and Stearns, with gardens and landscape design by Frederick Law Olmsted, Elm Court is the largest Shingle style house in the United States, with 106 rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Commercial use, decline and restoration</h2><br>
<p>Owners Colonel Helm George Wilde and his wife Marjorie Field Wilde opened Elm Court in 1948 as an Inn (&#39;Elm Court Club, Inc.) with an accommodation for up to 60 people. Dancing and dinner open to the public Saturday nights made for a popular spot for many years. Knott Hotels Corporation were retained as the operators of the Inn.</p><br>
<p>The Wildes - who also owned the neighboring 1,300 acre High Lawn manor (designed by Delano and Aldrich) and farm - pursued the Inn concept in order to preserve the estate and provide summer employment for the area&#39;s many teachers. The Inn eventually faltered and due to overwhelming operational costs the house shuttered in 1957.</p><br>
<p>While some fine furnishings were removed the house was largely left merely locked up but intact as it had been in the 1950s. Unoccupied, secluded, and only lightly patrolled it fell prey over the years to massive vandalism, outright looting, some arson, and a general derelict state by the end of the 20th century. The massive elm tree on the grounds for which the property was named died in the early 1960s of disease.</p><br>
<p>Upon the death of George Wilde in 1998 the Elm Court passed to his daughter Lila Wilde Berle of Stockbridge. Lila&#39;s husband, Peter A. A. Berle (1937–2007), was a highly respected environmentalist, New York State assemblyman, commissioner of the State Department of Environmental Conservation and president of the National Audubon Society She in turn sold the estate in 1999 to her son, Robert Berle, great-great-grandson of the Sloanes, and his wife, Sonya, for just under $1 million. They undertook a major restoration effort, repairing original details and adding new wiring, plumbing, heating, and opened the property as a luxury Inn while portions of the home remained a work in progress with restoration.</p><br>
<p>In August 2005 the estate - with the manor house, greenhouse, carriage house and cottage - was placed on the market for sale for an asking price of $21,500,000 on 90 acre. By comparison the highest price for any Berkshire County property sold was recorded January, 2007 for Southmayd Farm for $6.9 million</p><br>
<p>The property was reduced to an asking price of $17.5 million in July 2006 and a contract was signed for sale to a Florida-based hotel business (The Kessler Collection) however that deal fell through and was mutually terminated by both parties. Last listed at $14 million, it was taken off the market at the end of 2006.</p><br>
<p>As of August 2009 the property was taken off the market.</p><br>
<p>In the Spring of 2010 the Town of Stockbridge approved a permit for an 18-room hotel in the mansion. The Town of Lenox approved a sign permit for the property in the summer of 2010. These permits are in addition to the restaurant permit for the original horse Stable, already in place. (Town of Stockbridge, MA; Board of Selectmen Special Permit Hearing January 6, 2003).</p><br>
<p>New roofs have been installed on the Butlers Cottage, the Gardners Cottage, Stable and other support buildings at the estate. A new septic system for the entire property has been installed.</p><br>
<p>The frontage of the property has been cleared of brush and invasive plant species. The Mansion and other buildings can now be viewed from Old Stockbridge Road, as well as the lake in the distance.</p><br>
<h2>Commercial sale in 2012; ending the last of the Berkshire cottages held by family</h2><br>
<p>In July 2012 it was announced that the property in its entirety (55,000-square foot mansion on 44 acres) was sold to a Colorado-based group for $9.8 million. That is believed to be the highest price paid for a residential property in Berkshire County history.</p><br>
<p>Elm Court Realty LLC, which includes the property’s longtime owners, Robert and Sonya Berle, sold Elm Court to Front Yard LLC of Denver, according to documents on file at the Middle Berkshire Registry of Deeds. The Berles have retained a small percentage of ownership in the property.</p><br>
<p>Elm Court had been the last of the Berkshire cottages to have remained in the family of its original owners. Robert Berle is a descendant of William Douglas Sloane and Emily Vanderbilt.</p><br>
<p>While unannounced the purchasers are affiliated with luxury hotel operations and expect Elm Court to remain as it currently is as premium boutique inn.</p><br>
<h2>External media: video</h2><br>
<p>In 2004 Bob Villas television show Home Again&#39; did a multi-segment visit to Elm Court with the Berle family.</p><br>
<p>The Century is an apartment building located at Central Park West and 63rd Street in Manhattan, New York City. It was constructed at a cost of $6.5 million and designed by the firm of Irwin S. Chanin.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally, it is cast in the Art Deco style, which causes it to stand out from many of its neighbors, which are designed in the Beaux-Arts style. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places, as a contributing property to the Central Park West Historic District, in 1982. The building, also part of a local historic district, is one of the three tallest structures within the boundaries of the district. A tenant-landlord dispute at The Century was ongoing for most of the 1980s. As of 2010, properties within the building sold for as much as US$19,000,000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Century apartment building is located on the site of the Century Theatre. The theatre was demolished in 1930–31 to make way for the apartments which kept the name of the former theatre.</p><br>
<p>Architect Irwin S. Chanins office executed a US$1.25 million bond to guarantee the construction of "a twenty-nine story apartment building" at 25 Central Park West on October 25, 1930. The construction was handled by another Chanin company, Chanin Construction Company. Construction would require over 3,000,000 ft (914,400 m) of electrical wiring, three times what was required for the 56-story Chanin Building. The theater was still being demolished in late October 1930 when Chanins firm secured a $6.5 million loan from the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company for the construction of The Century. As the moves to begin The Century project were occurring, Chanin&#39;s The Majestic was already under construction nearby, in the 100 block of Central Park West.</p><br>
<p>Theater demolition pushed forward through early November. In the November 9, 1930 edition of the New York Times Irwin Chanin remarked regarding construction of The Majestic and The Century. He noted that, together, the two projects would employ a daily average of 3,000 men with rates of pay identical "those in vogue during the boom days of 1927 when we were erecting the Chanin Building." In January 1931, with demolition at the theater site winding down, a time capsule was pulled from the cornerstone of the Century Theatre. Among its contents was a congratulatory letter from USA President at the time of the theater&#39;s construction, Theodore Roosevelt.</p><br>
<p>October 1930 predictions had scheduled the building for completion by October 31, 1931. By April 1931 construction began and by the end of May 1931 the steel structure for The Century was complete up to its 15 floor. Within thirty days the entire steel structure was complete, rapid progress made possible by, according to Irwin Chanin "coordination and overlapping of various trades employed." On June 21, 1931 it was reported that the average number of workers since the beginning of construction was 1,050, with up to 1,400 employed at one time. Original predictions, by Chanin, estimated 1,500 men would be employed, on average per day, for a period of one year during construction.</p><br>
<p>The 1980s saw controversy surround The Century. The building was purchased in 1982 by an investment group and a proposal that thirteen months would have created a cooperative corporation of The Century.</p><br>
<p>In the 21st century, as it has been historically, The Century is largely an upscale apartment house. As of May 2010 six bedroom apartments in The Century sold for around $19,000,000 with one bedrooms selling for between $875,000 and $1,675,000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Century, along with its one-year older sister building, The Majestic, was among the first residential buildings to use what had been predominantly an office building style of architecture. Both The Century and The Majestic stand 30-stories and their Art Deco motifs stand in contrast to the Beaux-Arts buildings that surround them. The building was designed by the Office of Irwin S. Chanin, with Architectural Director Jacques Delamarre at the head of the design team. It was then constructed in 1930 and/or 1931, sources vary slightly.</p><br>
<p>The Century features art deco "machine-inspired" towers and cantilevered floor slabs. The floor slabs prevent the necessity of corner columns thus allowing the building to be fitted with large corner windows. The three ornate entrances face Central Park West, 62nd, and 63rd Streets. During the 1980s the building held 410 apartments, ranging in size from one to eight bedrooms; 52 of the apartments had large terraces. The main lobby, on the ground floor, houses professional offices.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The building is a contributing property to the Central Park West Historic District, which was recognized by the USA National Register of Historic Places when its nomination was accepted on November 9, 1982. It is one of four "twin-towered" structures in the historic district, including The Eldorado, The San Remo, and The Majestic. Collectively these buildings contribute to the unique skyline of the Upper West Side along Central Park West. Upon its designation as a local landmark the Commission staff remarked that The Century was a "sophisticated essay in Art Deco design exhibiting a complex balance of horizontal and vertical elements."</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Hastings House is a historic house at 101 Brattle Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is a National Historic Landmark, noted as an excellent example of Greek Revival architecture. It was the home of Oliver Hastings, a local builder.</p><br>
<p>The house was constructed by Hastings in 1844 adjacent to the home of poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (now the Longfellow House–Washington&#39;s Headquarters National Historic Site). The house consists of two main dwelling stories topped by a hip roof that has a central monitor providing a partial third floor space. The building is in a T shape, with a rear section that extends one bay beyond the sides of the main front block. It has broad stripped pilasters at the corners, and a cornice with dentil molding. Its most prominent rchitectural feature is the rounded portico of the front facade, which is flanked by full-height windows on either side. Iron grillwork forms accent the second floor exterior, and the first floor of the portico has fluted Corinthian columns. Although the exterior of the house has been well preserved, the interior has been altered, particularly by its 20th century institutional owners.</p><br>
<p>It was later the home of William Lawrence, professor and Dean of the Episcopal Theological School and subsequently Bishop of Massachusetts. The house was purchased by the Theological School in 1950. It now forms part of the Brattle Street campus of Lesley University and Episcopal Divinity School, serving as the university&#39;s Office of Advancement and Alumni Relations.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Vinča-Belo Brdo  is an archaeological site in Vinča, a suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. The tell of Belo Brdo  is almost entirely made up of the remains of human settlement, and was occupied several times from the Early Neolithic  through to the Medieval period. The most substantial archaeological deposits are from the Neolithic-Eneolithic Vinča culture, of which Vinča-Belo Brdo is the type site.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Vinča is situated on the right bank of the Danube, 14 km downstream from Belgrade, on a high loess terrace. This location was attractive to its Neolithic settlers: the Danube on one side provided water and fishing while on the other the valley of the river Bolecica connected it to a hinterland rich in minerals, ores, hunting grounds and fertile agricultural soils. Belo Brdo is one of the largest tell sites in the Balkans, covering 10 hectares of land with 9 metres of cultural deposits and a total height of 10.5 metres.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The first archaeological excavations at Vinča were carried out by prominent Serbian archaeologist Miloje Vasić starting in 1908. These were interrupted by the outbreak of World War I and, apart from a brief season in 1924, Vasić was unable to obtain the necessary funding to continue working on the site from the impoverished postwar Yugoslav government. However, with the financial backing of British businessman and archaeologist Sir Charles Hyde, Vasić was able to resume excavations, on a much larger scale, between 1929 and 1931. These piqued the interest of the British press and the site was subsequently visited by several prominent intellectuals of the time, including Hyde, John Myres, Veselin Čajkanović, W. A. Hurtley and Bogdan Popović. Finds from these excavations are now in several UK museums including the Ashmolean Museum and the British Museum.</p><br>
<p>New excavations were begun in 1978 under the auspices of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. From 1978 to 1982 the project focused on the Bronze Age and later layers, under the direction of Nikola Tasic and Gordana Vujovic. In 1982 excavations began on the more prominent Neolithic occupation, investigation of which continues to the present, led by Milutin Garasanin and Dragoslav Srejovic. Unfortunately in the 47 years between Vasić&#39;s and the present research the site suffered considerable damage from unauthorized excavations and looting.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation</h2><br>
<h3>Starčevo period, c. 5700–5300 BCE</h3><br>
<p>The earliest deposits at Belo Brdo date to around 5700 BCE and belong to the Early Neolithic Starčevo culture. Evidence for this phase of occupation is scant owing to the disruption of the later Vinča settlement, and consists mainly of one large grave containing the remains of eleven males. This collective burial is unusual for Starčevo sites, where individual inhumations are the norm. Otherwise the Starčevo finds at Belo Brdo are unremarkable, and it is only one of several contemporary Starčevo settlements in the vicinity of modern Belgrade.</p><br>
<h3>Vinča period, c. 5200–4900 BCE</h3><br>
<p>A century after the abandonment of the Starčevo settlement Belo Brdo was occupied by people of the Vinča culture. A total of thirteen building horizons from this period make up the majority of the tell&#39;s stratigraphy, as new buildings were constructed on the debris left by periodic fires. Belo Brdo was a major Vinča centre and, at its peak, one of the largest settlements in Neolithic Europe.</p><br>
<p>As in the earlier Starčevo occupation, the Vinča houses at Belo Brdo were constructed primarily from wood and clay, but they also made use of levelled foundations, insulation and decoration with paint and wall coverings. In later phases large (40 x 60 m) rectangular buildings with internal divisions and fixed furniture (benches, braziers, waterwheels, tables, etc.) appeared alongside the predominant one-roomed dwellings. The Vinča settlement was arranged on straight streets, fenced and considerably larger than that of the Starčevo period. The inhabitants&#39; subsisted based both on the cultivation of grains (einkorn, emmer and barley) and husbandry of domesticated animals (primarily cattle, but also goats, sheep and pigs). These agricultural practices probably continued to be supplemented by hunting and fishing in the surrounding environs.</p><br>
<p>In the Early Vinča phase Belo Brdo seems to have developed into a ritual centre for the entire region. The manufacture of various types of cult objects, including mushroom amulet and animal head jewellery made from semi-precious stones, first appeared there and then spread to other Vinča sites. The raw material for these objects often had to be imported from considerable distance, indicating also that from its earliest phase the site was part of large-scale exchange networks. It is therefore thought that Belo Brdo was a key place in a wider Vinča prestige economy, and an abundance of ritual paraphernalia, especially anthropomorphic figurines, is characteristic of the site. Another ritual innovation of Early Vinča phase Belo Brdo was the bucranium cult, where the painted skulls of cattle were fixed to the interior of houses. It is speculated that this practice may be linked to the wealth of individual households as measured in cattle. Subsequently, in the Late Vinča phase figurines became less widely circulated, and at the same time more standardised in form (in contrast to the many idiosyncratic styles of the Early Vinča phase). They also began to be inscribed with Vinča symbols, which perhaps indicates that competition and conflict was arising between different groups within Belo Brdo trying to assert control over the flow of ritual goods.</p><br>
<h3>Post-Vinča occupations</h3><br>
<p>Belo Brdo has been occupied several times since the abandonment of the Vinča settlement, but not on the same scale. From the Copper Age there are four graves belonging to the Bodrogkeresztúr culture, a very small Baden culture settlement and some evidence of visits by people of the Kostolac culture. There was a large but short-lived Bronze Age settlement belonging to the Vatin culture. In the Iron Age the size of the tell made it an attractive location for a significant Celtic hill fort complete with defensive earthworks. The most recent historical use of the site was a substantial Old Serbian necropolis.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Vinča-Belo Brdo is classified as an Archaeological Site of Exceptional Importance by the Serbian government, entitling it to the highest level of state protection. Artefacts from the site are on display in exhibitions at the archaeological park, the National Museum of Belgrade, the Belgrade City Museum and the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the entire Vinča archeological site is closed for tourists and protected with a thick layer of sand due to the landslide problems.</p><br>
<p>The Big River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows 6.8 mi. There are no dams along the river&#39;s length.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river is formed in West Greenwich by the confluence of the Congdon and Nooseneck rivers. From there, it flows due north through West Greenwich and Coventry to its confluence with the Flat River, in the area now flooded by the Flat River Reservoir, to form the South Branch Pawtuxet River.</p><br>
<h2>Crossings</h2><br>
<p>Below is a list of all crossings over the Big River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.</p><br>
<p>West Greenwich</p><br>
<p>Nooseneck Hill Road (RI 3)</p><br>
<p>Interstate 95</p><br>
<p>Coventry</p><br>
<p>Harkney Hill Road (RI 118)</p><br>
<p>Hill Farm Road</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>The Carr River is the Big River&#39;s only named tributary, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.</p><br>
<p>The Ashaway River is a river in the U.S. states of Rhode Island and Connecticut. It flows approximately 4 km . There are three dams along the river&#39;s length.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river is formed in Hopkinton by the confluence of Parmenter Brook and the Green Fall River, about 500 feet north of Interstate 95, and just a few feet east of the Connecticut state line. From there, it flows south-southwest, briefly entering North Stonington, Connecticut for about 500 feet, before turning southeast and crossing back into Rhode Island and continuing through Hopkinton to its mouth at the Pawcatuck River.</p><br>
<h2>Crossings</h2><br>
<p>Below is a list of all crossings over the Ashaway River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.</p><br>
<p>*Hopkinton</p><br>
<p>**Interstate 95</p><br>
<p>**Wellstown Road</p><br>
<p>**High Street (RI 216)</p><br>
<p>**Laurel Street</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>The Ashaway River has no named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams that feed it.</p><br>
<p>Lake Wister is a reservoir in Le Flore County, in southeast Oklahoma. The lake is created by the Poteau River and the Fourche Maline creek. Wister Lake was authorized for flood control and conservation by the Flood Control Act of 1938. The project was designed and built by the Tulsa District Corps of Engineers. Construction began in April 1946, and the project was placed in full flood control operation in December 1949.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Wister was authorized for flood control and conservation by the Flood Control Act of 1938. The project was designed and built by the Tulsa District Corps of Engineers at a cost of $10.5 million. Construction began in April 1946, and the project was placed in full flood control operation December 1949. It is now part of Lake Wister State Park. The lake is named for the nearby city of Wister, Oklahoma. Other nearby cities are Heavener and Poteau.</p><br>
<p>The area around the lake has been inhabited for thousands of years. There are numerous mounds in the area that were created by prehistoric Native Americans.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located within Ouachita National Forest. It has a surface area of 7,300 acre and a shoreline of about 115 mi.</p><br>
